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中國“人造太陽”將創新高!4月底正式顯露它的 “廬山真面目” – 有海水的地方就有中國人

中國“人造太陽”將創新高!4月底正式顯露它的 “廬山真面目”

中國“人造太陽”將創新高!4月底正式顯露它的 “廬山真面目”
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  太阳是生命之源,而太阳能可以用来发电,造福于人类,因此,模拟太阳内部的核聚变,就相当于在地球上再造了个人工太阳,科学家们希望在未来能将人造太阳装置运用于人工发电。

  “人造太阳”已经不是个新鲜事了。这一领域强手如林。今天就从中科院合肥物质科学研究院的全超导托卡马克聚变实验装置(EAST)说起,它是该领域的佼佼者。EAST项目将于4月底完成改造升级,想要在该装置内实现1亿摄氏度“燃烧”100秒的目标,刷新世界纪录。那么为什么“人造太阳”会成为国际追捧的新“宠儿”呢?

  由于人类社会快速发展,近几十年来有限的资源被过度开发利用,而这些资源尤其是煤炭和石油资源反过来污染空气,排放出大量二氧化碳,破坏臭氧层,致使全球气候愈加异常。“人造太阳”实际上是核聚变的过程。

  

  图片为核聚变原理

  第二次世界大战以后人类就掌握了以核聚变为基础的氢弹制造方法,但氢弹毕竟属于不可控核聚变反应,生来只为破坏而不能被和平利用,经过漫长的“驯化”,现在的核电站都是以可控核裂变为能量来源的。与之形成对比的是可控核聚变释放的能量比可控核裂变大得多,而且没有任何污染和辐射,不同于核裂变所需的强核辐射原材料,可控核聚变所需的原料从海水中就能提取出来,非常方便,可谓是取之不尽用之不竭,被人们认为是“究极能源”。

  “人造太阳”不是我们抬头就能看得到的太阳,毕竟真正的太阳相当于160万个地球大小,前者是立足于我们生活的地球发明的,这是一个国际热核聚变实验反应堆项目。“人造太阳”会释放出巨大能量,看起来非常亮的原因和太阳一样都是核聚变的过程,不过它们的“原材料”不同。太阳的热反应是将太阳中的氢转化为氦的过程,而“人造太阳”是使用氚和氘的氢同位素作为核聚变原料。

  

  图片为我国“人造太阳”EAST装置

  目前,全球范围内的可控核聚变技术运行记录暂时由韩国保持,制造的“人造太阳”在1亿摄氏度下能运行20秒的时间。合肥的全超导托卡马克聚变实验装置(EAST)目前也处在世界领先地位,技术和设备也是拥有完全知识产权的,如果定下的百秒运行试验能够如期完成,那将造福于中国乃至世界可控核聚变技术。

  人造太阳是一项挑战难度极大的科学项目,最大的难处是要让设定的极端高温,与极低温,在近距离内“共同演绎新篇章”,这一过程涉及到数不胜数的零部件的精确安装调试,稍有差池,都会使之前所有的努力付之东流。

  不过我相信即将于4月底竣工的EAST改造项目将会让我们眼前一亮,给全人类带来无限可期盼的未来!(铖)

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