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超30國消耗了90%“救命金”!美國卻從中受益,享受巨額儲備利息 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

超30國消耗了90%“救命金”!美國卻從中受益,享受巨額儲備利息

超30國消耗了90%“救命金”!美國卻從中受益,享受巨額儲備利息
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8月26日,据美媒报道,由于能源成本上涨、强势美元以及供应链紧张,许多金融脆弱的发展中国家已经耗尽了他们去年获得的国际货币基金组织(IMF)的额外储备,这引发了要求新增注资以帮助这些国家抵御更高的利率、能源和大宗商品成本的呼声。
IMF去年8月发行了6500亿美元的被称为“特别提款权”的储备资产,该资产主要按照各国在基金中的份额比例进行分配,主要用于债务减免、购买硬通货或者财政援助。

目前,190个IMF成员国中,有105个国家使用了特别提款权,除了希腊以外,其他都是中低收入国家。超过30个国家使用了至少90%的特别提款权。而黎巴嫩、刚果共和国、阿根廷、突尼斯、吉布提、牙买加、乌克兰等国的使用量甚至超过了100%。

但是,由于特别提款权是根据国家份额分配的,所以该储备资金的很大一部分流向了不需要这一资金的发达国家。仅有45.2%的资金流向了新兴和发展中经济体,其中,流向低收入小国的资金仅有3.2%。

而美国,作为IMF的最大“股东”,已经从其未使用的特别提款权储备资金中赚取了156亿美元的巨额利息。

因此,IMF总裁KristalinaGeorgieva敦促发达国家将部分特别提款权分配给那些更需要帮助的国家。而南非总统CyrilRamaphosa更是直接呼吁这些发达国家进行捐赠,而非转贷。

但是,在承诺重新分配特别提款权资金的国家中,目前尚未有任何国家付诸实际行动。此前,有11国承诺将重新分配498亿美元的特别提款权储备资金。

因此,有专业人士认为,由于重新分配的承诺难以兑现,因此IMF应该扩大特别提款权储备资金的规模,从而帮助这些中低收入国家。如果该设想成功实现,那么将新增约2090亿美元的资金用于支援需要帮助的国家。

即便此举能够顺利实现,IMF及各国央行仍需要有长期增加全球市场中流动性的决心。

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