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瑞典關閉所有中國孔子學院 反吸引更多人學漢語 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

瑞典關閉所有中國孔子學院 反吸引更多人學漢語

瑞典關閉所有中國孔子學院 反吸引更多人學漢語
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瑞典在2021年4月将最后一所位于南部小城法肯伯镇的孔子学堂关闭,成为欧洲首个与孔子学院彻底告别的国家。不过,瑞典中文教育并没有停顿。

据报导指称,孔子学院离开瑞典两年后,当地各级汉语教育系统并未发生太大变化,2020年在大学里学习汉语的人数甚至增加。

瑞典哥德堡大学语言与文学系高级讲师和系副主任杨富雷说,疫情对瑞典的就业造成很大的影响,因此很多人选择到大学上学,带动学习汉语人数增加。

该报导也指出,至于最先选择退出和孔子学院合作的斯德哥尔摩大学,本身就具备悠久的汉学研究传统,固定的行政编制和良好的汉语教学师资,选择退出并不会影响汉语教学和学术研究。

欧洲第一个引进孔子学院的国家也是瑞典,2005年2月,瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学开办欧洲第一所孔子学院,更是世界上第一所开课的孔子学院。

2015年斯德哥尔摩大学结束与孔子学院长达10年的合作,因“在大学系统中存在由其他国家资助的机构,这是令人质疑的做法”,但剥离中国政府的直接影响,瑞典汉语教育仍稳定推动。

不过,并非每所瑞典的大学都具备完善的汉语教学资源与师资,像是吕勒欧工业大学自孔子学院离开后,当地的汉语教育无以为继。

甚至2006年瑞典政府虽颁布高中可选读汉语并制定教学大纲,但并未积极支持,使得瑞典很多地方自治体因缺乏足够的财政和师资,不敢贸然在初高中开设汉语课程。

杨富雷强调,选择不与孔子学院继续合作并非当局的要求,而是各大学自主决定,虽然大学是国立大学,但是独立的,决定权在大学本身,不在政府。

他说,从2005年到2015年10年间,中国越来越像是个自傲的强国,以往中国内部对于公民社会、宗教自由、民族权利等问题睁只眼闭只眼,现在两只眼睛都睁得很大,什么都要管理,什么都要压制。这就是孔子学院的问题症结所在,无法提供与西方社会相匹配的自由言论空间,无法满足现代自由民主社会对于教育机构的需求。

孔子学院虽标榜依照歌德学院、塞万提斯学院和法语联盟而建立的汉语语言和文化推广机构,却逐渐变为中国政府输出意识形态的“中继站”。

较早前,英国首相候选人、前财政大臣苏纳克曾在7月底电视辩论中承诺,倘若当选保守党党魁,将关闭在英国的30所孔子学院。

德国联邦教育及研究部部长卡尔利茨克也在去年10月指出,担忧孔子学院对德国大专院校的影响显而易见,建议各校认真审视和孔子学院的合作,果断处理中国影响。

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