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轟炸機飛不出2倍音速?WS18,請先去了解一下俺「二舅」是誰 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

轟炸機飛不出2倍音速?WS18,請先去了解一下俺「二舅」是誰

轟炸機飛不出2倍音速?WS18,請先去了解一下俺「二舅」是誰
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前天瀚海狼山(匈奴狼山)提到,新型轟炸機至少可飛到2倍音速。於是就有人反駁說,如果用WS18當主發動機,不用說兩倍音速,就是1倍的超音速也飛不出來。因為WS18根本就是不帶後燃燒室的中大口徑渦扇發動機。如果沒有後燃燒室,就無法開加力,沒有加力怎麼能飛出超音速?還說什麼2倍音速!關於這個問題,首先很難肯定一定會用WS18當配套發動機。而退一步來說,如果真用WS18當發動機,那麼也不是現在版本的WS18,一定是其升級改進型。而如果是改進型,那麼WS18G會對懷疑其能力的人來一句:請先去了解一下俺家「二舅」是誰,再回來研討什麼超音速不超音速的問題。按圖索驥下這一打聽,還真長了見識。WS18有一個進口的母本,這就是D30KP2。有說法是,早期版本的WS18,相對母本並沒有做特別大的改進和提升。

轟炸機飛不出2倍音速?WS18,請先去了解一下俺「二舅」是誰

基本就是照搬原設計。主要原因還是因為需求太大,催得太急。據說至少有6種型號的「新機」需要拿來當主力發動機。那麼既然D30KP2是WS18的母本,這是公認的事實。那麼D30KP2在原產廠還有多種兄弟型號,都可以算是WS18的「老舅輩」了;這個定位,也應該是沒有太大問題的。而這些老舅輩中,就有一種叫做D30F6。雖然是標號是F6,但這裡仍然簡單地稱呼其為「二舅」。畢竟「他大舅他二舅都是他舅,高桌子低板凳都是木頭」。因此就不必再去糾結這個舅到底是第幾個舅。而這位「二舅」,單台最大推力93.1千牛,加力推力151.9千牛,也就是接近16噸級!裝配到了米格25的升級版米格31上,可以實現短時間超音速巡航的能力,最大起飛重量46200千克,實用升限24000米,作戰半徑720千米,最大飛行速度2.83馬赫!都看見沒有,只裝了2台「二舅」,

轟炸機飛不出2倍音速?WS18,請先去了解一下俺「二舅」是誰

就可以讓46噸的飛機飛到接近3馬赫的高速;如果一次性裝4台,那麼可以讓100噸以上的,小展弦比的隱身機飛到2馬赫是完全沒有問題的。甚至還可能飛出超過2馬赫的速度也說不定。實際上大量引進的D30KP2,就是D30這個大系列中的一個非加力版本。而D30裡面既有加力版也有非加力版,用來適配不同的裝機要求。既然已經「40多歲的二舅」能夠實現強大的加力推力,那麼W18G如果是加力版飛超音速,也沒有太大的問題。D30系列是前蘇聯索洛維耶夫設計局,現稱彼爾姆航空發動機科研生產聯合體研製的中大口徑渦輪風扇發動機。研製時間是1970年代,主要成熟型號到目前普遍有40年以上的歷史。和西方同時期的更大涵道比的發動機各項性能指標對比,沒有太大的優勢;但也算是中規中矩。而其最大的好處,就是在一定程度上填補了1.5米級直徑渦扇發動機的空白。

轟炸機飛不出2倍音速?WS18,請先去了解一下俺「二舅」是誰

雖然西方大渦扇的單位油耗和噪音控制等指標普遍更好,卻因為直徑普遍太大,往往無法用來直接「鑲嵌」在大型軍機的機體之內,只能吊掛或者放在飛機的尾部,這樣做的迎風阻力太大,也無法做到完全隱身。而像B2這種隱身機,就必須把4台發動機全部內置。最終B2採用了用戰鬥機發動機去掉後燃室而產生的F118發動機。但是F118的單台最大推力只有8.5噸;4台合起來最大推力也不過34噸。相對於B2最大起飛重量170噸,正常起飛重量150噸的體量來說,總推力明顯過小了。導致B2不但無法超音速(B2的外形設計也很難超音速)而且不敢做任何大的機動動作,比如翻滾倒飛。實際上大型飛機如果要求發動機完全隱蔽內置,那麼口徑1.5米左右是最合適的。而大部分戰鬥機發動機的最大直徑都不到1.2米。

轟炸機飛不出2倍音速?WS18,請先去了解一下俺「二舅」是誰

直徑越大說明涵道比更大,就算是不開加力,中間推力也會強勁,這樣長途飛行相對更省油。雖然D30系列研發太久不算特別先進,但其直徑卻恰恰適合需要完全隱蔽內置發動機的大型飛機。如果再把4台發動機都裝上後燃器,那麼短時間內飛2倍音速;或者輕載時飛出超巡狀態都是很輕鬆的。缺點是:D30系列如果裝上後燃器,那麼單台全重會超過2.5噸,比大多數戰機大渦扇單台重了1噸還多。如果裝在普通戰鬥機上肯定是不合適的。即使裝,也是46噸的不鏽鋼飛機,原本就不太在乎空重。不過對150噸級的大轟炸機來說,只增加了4噸的空重,就可以增加28(4X7)噸以上的加力推力,反倒是完全值得的。這只是早期動力選擇的一種,未來應該還有推重比更強的組合等待試飛。

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