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印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商

印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商
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印度在上世紀80年代的時候,是曾經掀起過一次大規模的「自研武器」浪潮的,當時印度天真地認為通過努力就可以使得自己的武器裝備研製水平達到國際一流,結果產出的一系列成果最終要麼成為了徹頭徹尾的雞肋工程,要麼就徹底爛尾了。如今我們熟悉的很多印度所謂在自行研製的武器裝備,比如說LCA「光輝」戰鬥機、「阿瓊」主戰坦克、「阿卡什」防空飛彈等等都是脫胎於那個時代的產物。印度人恐怕也是從艱難的「自研」之路上充分吸取了教訓,導致如今印度軍隊的主戰裝備幾乎全部是進口的。

印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商

(LCA戰鬥機)

按照斯德哥爾摩國際和平研究所的說法,印度在2018年的時候軍費開支就達到了665億美元,2019年的時候這一數字更是上漲到了711億美元高居世界第三,甚至要領先於印度武器裝備的主要來源國俄羅斯。然而在如此高昂的軍費開支之下,印度軍隊的狀態不僅沒有得到多少改善,反而表現越來越糟糕。氣急敗壞的印度人,最近竟然開始從外國軍火供應商身上找原因了。

根據環球網援引印度媒體的報導,日前印度國防部罕見地對10多個國際軍火巨頭予以了嚴厲警告,其中已經威脅要對一家美國的軍火供應商下禁令,並將另外的11家法國、俄羅斯、美國以及以色列公司列入實施處罰的觀察名單,印度人的理由是這些軍火供應商並沒有按照他們與印度之間的合同規定,履行其在與印方國防交易中的抵消義務。

印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商(法國交付給印度空軍陣風戰機)

所謂抵消義務,指的是2005年的時候印度國防部頒布的抵消政策,具體內容為在一筆國防交易之中至少有30%的合同總額應作為再投資重新投入印度,在某些特殊的合同之中,這一比例甚至要達到50%,比如說印度當年和法國簽署的關於陣風戰鬥機的交易合同。迄今為止,印度與外國公司總共簽署了55份「抵消合同」,總抵消價值達到了120億美元左右,但是迄今為止僅有50億美元「返回印度」,這正是印度國防部威脅要制裁外國軍火商的原因。要知道印度人「抵消合同」中的「再投資」是以技術分享的形式出現的,尤其是針對俄羅斯這種囊中羞澀的國家,不過顯然事與願違。

印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商

(印度從俄羅斯租借的核潛艇回國)印度之所以會「無能狂怒」,本質上還是因為自己的軍火供應鏈牢牢被外國壟斷,而印度人想要打破這個枷鎖卻根本沒有核心技術,事實證明,僅僅靠砸錢是根本買不來強大國防的。而正因為這種壟斷關係的存在,才導致外國軍火商在和印度人做交易的時候可以漫天要價。

印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商舉個例子來說,印度人為了買36架陣風戰鬥機一共花了88億美元,一款四代戰鬥機的單價達到了接近2.5億美元的天價。印度人還在2019年的時候簽署了租借下一艘俄羅斯核潛艇的合同,10年的租期印度就要花30億美元,這比世界上絕大多數核潛艇的建造單價都要高了。

印度開始找後帳!說好的分享技術或再投資呢?揚言制裁外國軍火商(印度從美國採購的阿帕奇武裝直升機交付)

2020年加勒萬河谷衝突發生之後,像打了雞血一般的印度人再度提出了「武器裝備國產化」的計劃,並且煞有介事地聲稱未來將禁止本國軍隊從外國進口包括護衛艦、火炮、武裝直升機在內的101種武器裝備,結果這個法令發出去沒幾天印度國防部就批准了印度本國軍工企業外資比例的提高政策,用實際行動上演了「真香定律」。在外國軍工技術的牢牢壟斷之下,印度揚言要制裁外國軍火商的計劃最終大概率還是不了了之!

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