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俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入
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儘管拜登上台之後,就延長《新削減戰略武器條約》的有效期與俄羅斯達成了一致協議,新的條約也於2月6日正式生效,但是談判過程屬實不易。尤其是在川普執政時期,美國再三宣稱中國必須加入美俄戰略武器談判,否則談判沒有繼續進行的可能。

而俄羅斯當時也回應稱,如果美國要求中國加入核軍控談判,那麼同為核大國的英國和法國,也應該加入美俄的核軍控體系。2月20日,俄羅斯外長拉夫羅夫在接受本國媒體採訪時表示,俄羅斯尊重中國的立場,但是如果美俄軍控談判變為多邊談判,那麼英國和法國不參與的話,肯定是不行的。

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入

針對俄羅斯要求英國和法國加入軍控談判的立場,英國方面卻一反常態,給出了令人意想不到的表態。據俄羅斯衛星通訊社報導,當地時間3月1日, 英國常駐聯合國代表芭芭拉-伍德沃德在接受俄羅斯媒體採訪時表示,倫敦方面願意考慮俄羅斯方面的建議。

伍德沃德表示,英國已經根據《不擴散核武器條約》第六條的有關規定,在嚴格履行軍控義務。未來英國還將繼續致力於推進國際軍控和核不擴散等工作。與此同時,伍德沃德還對美俄兩國延長軍控條約有效期表示了歡迎。

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入

如果說伍德沃德的表態,確實可以代表英國的真實立場,是非常值得肯定的,但是也不排除此番表態是障眼法。一方面,英國的核力量本身就不怎麼強大,加入軍控談判對其利益並沒有太大的影響。眼下英國沒有陸基洲際彈道飛彈和戰略轟炸機,其核威懾力量主要依賴戰略核潛艇。

據統計,截止2020年,英國皇家海軍總共擁有4艘「前衛」級戰略核潛艇,每艘配備16枚美制「三叉戟2-D5」潛射洲際彈道飛彈。為了節省國防預算,英國已經將核威懾力量降到了最低限度。

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入

其次,由於北約軍事組織的存在,英國即便加入軍控協議,依舊可以享受美國戰略核威懾力量帶來的防禦效果。從英國皇家海軍使用美制潛射洲際飛彈來看,其對自己的戰略核威懾力量的依賴並不高,主要還是依靠美國。

英國在不影響自身利益的同時,如果加入軍控協議,可以逼迫中國也一同加入,對英國和美國是極為有利的。要知道,美國之所以堅持讓中國加入軍控談判,就是想方設法地限制中國核力量的發展,進一步鞏固美國的核力量優勢和霸主地位。

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入

事實上,伍德沃德隨後就暴露出了自己的真實目的。她表示,如果中國加入美俄軍控協議是對建立戰略穩定的重要補充。相比於英國和法國加入軍控談判的無關痛癢,中國可是相當難受的。目前中國既沒有穩定的戰略盟友,也沒有類似北約那樣強大的軍事同盟可以背靠背,一切只能靠自己。

隨著中美關係持續下滑,周邊地緣政治形勢惡化,中國需要基於自身安全和核武器作為終極威懾手段的戰略選擇,建設一支符合國情的戰略核威懾力量。自1945年核武器第一次投入實戰以來,其在帶來巨大殺傷力的同時,也成為了一種平衡國際戰略格局的有利工具。在合法擁有核武器的基礎上,適當發展核力量,有助於全球總體局勢的和平與穩定。

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入

中國之所以不能加入軍控條約,除自身考量之外,主要還是美國和俄羅斯擁有的核彈頭數量,已經遠超其他國家。軍控協議限制的對象十分明確,就是美國和俄羅斯。據不完全統計,美俄兩國擁有的核彈頭數量均在6000枚上下,而中國、英國和法國三國擁有的核彈頭數量,加起來尚不足1000枚。

而且,美國和俄羅斯的核力量還在不斷地增長。中美所擁有的核彈頭數量嚴重失衡,美國卻要求中國承擔與其相同的義務,可能嗎?對於中國不願加入軍控談判以及中國的核力量建設等問題,中方之前已經多次表明立場。

俄羅斯要求英法參加軍控,英國:願意考慮俄建議,但中國必須加入

中國始終恪守在任何時候和任何情況下不首先使用核武器,並一直將自身核力量規模限制在維護國家安全所需的最低限度之內。中國永遠不會參加類似於冷戰時期美蘇之間的核軍備競賽,希望外界客觀公正地看待中國確保核武庫安全性和可靠性的客觀需要。

如果中國因為某些外界因素的干擾,而加入美俄軍控談判,無疑正中某些國家的下懷。所以即便英國答應加入軍控談判,中國也不能為之所動,應該堅持自己的立場,發展適合自身需求的核力量。

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