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中越聯合宣佈,鐵路軌距對齊中國,一條戰略大動脈,正在成形 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

中越聯合宣佈,鐵路軌距對齊中國,一條戰略大動脈,正在成形

中越聯合宣佈,鐵路軌距對齊中國,一條戰略大動脈,正在成形
1,883
越南將採標準軌距

文/劉慶彬

越南國家領導人阮富仲訪中期間,中越發表聯合聲明中,其中有一句話,引起了各方的注意。那就是中越雙方將開展基礎設施建設與互聯互通合作,儘快完成老街-河內-海防標準軌鐵路規劃評審。

中越聯合聲明中提到的這條路線,位於連接中國昆明市和越南海防市的東西經濟走廊,對中國雲南省、四川省和越南北部各省至海防市海港之間貨物運輸活動起著舉足輕重的作用。隨著中越持續加深雙邊經貿合作,通過該口岸的鐵路聯運貨物運輸需求量也逐年上漲。

然而,由於中越鐵路軌距存在差異,越南標準為1000毫米,而中國標準為1435毫米,以至於運力受到極大限制,目前來看,已經很難滿足中越經貿的進一步需求。

不過,越南對於在新鐵路建設中是否與中國的標準軌距對接,一直猶豫不決。但由於國際形勢突變,加上越南的幾個鄰國,已經開始在鐵路建設當中紛紛與中國軌距標準對接。因此,越南也終於下定決心,要與中方儘快完成相關鐵路規劃,將中國標準引入越南的鐵路建設之中。

預計相關項目竣工投運之後,將極大提升老街火車站貨運和客運能力,加快中越兩國進出口貨物流通速度,降低鐵路運費,促進鐵路貨運發展,提高鐵路貨運市場佔有率。

當然,除了經濟方面的具體實惠之外,越南採用中國的軌距標準還有更深遠的意義。越南此舉其實是向外界釋放了一個信號,那就是在經濟發展方向上,完全向中國看齊。此外,越南引入中國軌距標準,也是在鐵路建設方面對標鄰國寮國與泰國,以此打通中南半島經濟走廊的「任督二脈」。如此一來,整個中南半島有望與中國實現經濟一體化。

越南之所以會改變態度,部分原因是由於自身經濟發展陷入瓶頸。越南賴以吸引外資的製造業眼下正陷入低迷,在對外出口方面,不復上半年的盛況。這也讓越南開始重新審視與中國的經貿關係。在越南看來,如果想要維護越南經濟增長水準和供應鏈的成長性,中國將是一個不可或缺的角色。

不過光是認可中國的重要性肯定不夠,越南還得拿出相應的努力,保持中越經貿的長期活力。只是越南的局限性在於,自身的鐵路基礎建設,已經落後於經濟發展與社會需求,由於投資不足、缺乏維護,鐵路在越南物流中越來越邊緣化,貨運和客運逐年走低,在國內總運量的比重已經低於20%。這也說明,越南採用的1000毫米軌距標準,某種程度上其實也是拖了自己經濟發展的後腿。

與此同時,越南的周邊鄰國,卻因為與中國在相關領域展開合作,在這方面把越南甩在了後面。特別是中寮鐵路,通車將近1年,中寮鐵路客流量與貨運量兩大指標表現都非常搶眼,令周邊國家都為之側目,越南也不例外。

中寮鐵路的成功,給周邊國家的後續合作開了個好頭。泰國政府希望從寮國那邊「取經」,以中寮鐵路的標準,在老泰兩國間修建一條新鐵路,實現無縫對接;此外,寮國還主動提出,要花費50億美元與越南合作,將後者拉進中寮鐵路的貿易網路中,加深兩國的經貿合作。這條新鐵路預計將在本月破土動工,時間點也跟中越聯合聲明中有關內容呼應。

如此,局勢已經一目了然。從寮國到泰國,再到越南,隨著在鐵路建設中引入中國的軌距標準,中國-中南半島這條經貿走廊,將更快實現經濟一體化,步入更成熟的運營階段。

當然,影響還不止於此,中南半島的沿線國家都是東協成員國,東協又是中國第一大交易夥伴。中南半島鐵路運輸路線以中國標準連成一片,而這條戰略大動脈的成形,無疑會進一步打開中國-東協的經貿新格局。

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