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澳礦業巨頭,阻止中方戰略礦產交易?中國的布局,比西方想的長遠 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

澳礦業巨頭,阻止中方戰略礦產交易?中國的布局,比西方想的長遠

澳礦業巨頭,阻止中方戰略礦產交易?中國的布局,比西方想的長遠
1,908

据外媒报道,中国紫金矿业和澳大利亚矿业巨头公司AVZ正在打官司。官司的核心,是一个叫做马诺诺的小镇。这个小镇位于刚果民主共和国东南部,是个洋溢着非洲草原风情的地方。不过这里有丰富的矿产,前几年曾经掀起了锡矿开采的热潮,但是因为国际市场对锡矿需求基本稳定,马诺诺镇很快又安静了下来,之后这里发现了一个巨大的锂矿床,这给该镇带来了希望。

(AVZ公司在刚果钻探的岩石样本)

发现这个锂矿的,是总部位于澳大利亚的,在行业内数一数二的AVZ矿业公司。它在2019年宣布,马诺诺不仅有锡矿,还有锂矿。这里可能是全球最大的未开发锂矿床,地质储量4亿吨。

这是一个非常可观的数字,一辆电动汽车平均要用7到12千克的锂。为了计算方便,我们就取10千克这个数字。就算马诺诺锂矿只有十分之一的储量可以提炼出来,用在工业上,就可以制造40亿辆电动汽车,全世界平均每两个人能分到一辆。所以,马诺诺锂矿的价值是显而易见的。

AVZ公司是马诺诺锂矿最初的开发商。它与刚果(金)国家矿业开发公司,以及一家叫做达托米尔矿业资源公司的企业共同成了达斯康公司,负责开发锂矿。AVZ公司拥有达斯康公司60%的股份,后两家企业分别拥有25%和15%。

这次的问题就出在达托米尔公司身上。这家企业最近打算把自己的股份出售给中国的紫金矿业,而作为政府出面的刚果(金)国家矿业开发公司也已经同意。紫金矿业将与刚果(金)国家矿业开发公司成立一家合资企业,叫做卡他玛巴矿业,共同勘探和开发马诺诺矿外围的两个项目。

(AVZ公司的钻机)

没想到AVZ并不同意。特别是紫金矿业还表示,要从AVZ手里再购买24个百分点的股份。如果这样的交易成功,AVZ将不再是马诺诺的大股东。

AVZ公司不但没有证实紫金矿业的说法,反而在2022年的7月发布公报说,达托米尔不经过董事会批准就转让股份,是重大违约行为。一旦交易达成,AVZ就要动用法律手段。因为按照公司章程,达托米尔必须先把股份卖给其他股东,如果股东都不肯买,才能卖给外人。AVZ为了保住控制权,决定收购达托米尔的股份,但是只肯出资1500万美元,而且一直没有足额到账。到了9月,达托米尔向刚果法院起诉,要求撤销和AVZ的交易。而紫金矿业打算为这15%的股份支付3200多万美元。如今,官司还没有打完。

(马诺诺地区)

听起来,这似乎是一个澳大利亚矿业巨头阻止中方大型国企在境外获得战略矿产的故事。然而事情背后却远没有那么简单。AVZ是一家上市公司,必须公开自己的股东情况。按照AVZ的官方发布,有49.53%的股份掌握在20家大股东手里。其中最大的三家分别叫做宜宾天一锂业、华友国际矿业和汇丰银行澳大利亚分行。前两家都是中资企业,而汇丰银行实际上是代替一家中国电池企业持股的,叫做CATH能源技术有限公司。

还有一件事需要提及,达托米尔矿业公司同样属于一家中资企业。这家企业长期在非洲投资矿业,有一定的影响力。所以,包括澳媒在内的多家西方媒体指出,真正的剧情是,海外多家中资公司在交易一家刚果锂矿。无论官司打成什么样,马诺诺锂矿都会由中资企业开发。中国方面在非洲的布局,就像在其他地区或国家一样,总是比西方国家想得更长远。

(马诺诺锂矿)

有港媒则认为,非洲锂矿控制在中资企业手中,对当地经济和世界新能源产业都是有巨大好处的。中国有强大的制造业,正在积极推动新能源汽车产业发展。所以,中资企业得到开采权后,绝不会像西方矿业企业那样,故意不开发,来控制市场价格。中资企业的入股对于当地经济发展,有重要的推动作用。

如今人们需要担心的是两件事,第一件是西方会不会颠覆刚果政府,导致锂矿开发无法实施;第二件事,是从刚果运出锂金属成品的时候,能不能顺利穿过非洲大陆东部,进入印度洋,然后运回中国的工厂。因此,港媒认为对中国矿业企业海外权益的保护,是迫在眉睫的。

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