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老美步步進逼,為了生存的ASML終於翻牌了,不能失去中國市場 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

老美步步進逼,為了生存的ASML終於翻牌了,不能失去中國市場

老美步步進逼,為了生存的ASML終於翻牌了,不能失去中國市場
2,409

老美最近又对全球最大的光刻机企业ASML提出新的要求,要求ASML不要对中国销售14nm以下的DUV光刻机,然而面对老美的无耻要求,生存压力巨大的ASML这次选择翻牌了。



一、ASML面临生存问题

今年一季度ASML的盈利腰斩,二季度虽然再次取得大幅度的增长,但是它却预期今年全年的营收增速将只有10%,为原来预计增长20%的一半,这主要是因为它对于全球芯片行业的发展有所担忧。

全球芯片行业已从此前的火热迅速冷却,今年上半年诸多芯片行业包括美国射频、模拟芯片和韩国存储芯片都表示库存高企,美国芯片企业甚至大幅降价九成求售,这足以证明全球芯片供给过剩已变成现实。

芯片供给过剩,此前全球热烈展开的芯片产能竞赛将因此而停滞,如此一来提供光刻机的ASML将受重创,甚至光刻机需求下滑的幅度比ASML预期的更严重,毕竟芯片制造是高投资的行业,投资机构一旦看不到盈利的希望会迅速停止采购光刻机。

二、中国市场的重要性

由于众所周知的原因,ASML至今未能对中国出售EUV光刻机,但是中国市场仍然成为ASML最大的市场,2021年和今年一季度,中国市场给ASML贡献的收入都达到三分之一,超过了韩国和中国台湾。

在当下全球芯片制造项目可能停滞的情况下,中国市场可能成为唯一继续扩张芯片产能的市场,因为中国希望到2025年实现七成芯片自给率,而在芯片下行阶段,光刻机等设备的价格更便宜,逆周期扩张有助于中国低成本扩张芯片产能。



如此情况下,中国市场对ASML的重要性毋庸置疑,寒冬下谁能给企业带来现金流就是雪中送炭,更何况中国市场还可以给ASML带来丰厚的利润,此前中国大举采购日本的二手光刻机,推动了日本二手光刻机翻倍上涨。

事实上中国市场不仅对ASML这类光刻机企业非常重要,对于韩国存储芯片、美国芯片行业同样非常重要,它们的芯片企业都希冀中国企业能采购更多芯片,帮助它们消化库存,这些事实ASML当然都会看在眼里。

三、ASML表态希望继续与中国芯片合作

面对当前的市场现实,ASML高管已经表示DUV光刻机已经是成熟技术,限制对中国出售DUV光刻机无助于全球芯片产业链的良性发展,它希望能给中国继续供应DUV光刻机,这可以说是ASML正式翻牌了。

ASML当前也在大举扩张第一代EUV光刻机的产能,业界预期到2024年第一代EUV光刻机的产能将翻倍,然而台积电和三星已完成3nm工艺的量产,Intel的Intel 4工厂也已完成建设争取今年下半年投产,它们的更先进工艺将需要第二代EUV光刻机,对第一代EUV光刻机的需求将逐渐减少。

如此情况下ASML仍然大举扩张第一代EUV光刻机的产能,业界预期ASML就是希望在第二代EUV光刻机量产后,第一代EUV光刻机已不属于先进技术,而将第一代EUV光刻机供应给中国市场,因为需要EUV光刻机的只有三星、台积电、Intel和中国市场。



如此也就不奇怪当老美再次要求ASML不要对中国出售14nm以下DUV光刻机之后,ASML方面表达拒绝的态度了,毕竟如今的环境对于ASML来说颇为艰难,中国市场可能对它的生存产生重要影响,为了生存ASML当然要争取自己的大客户,而不希望一味顺从老美的要求。

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