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面對全球化浪潮,唯一發脾氣的是美國和歐洲政客 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

面對全球化浪潮,唯一發脾氣的是美國和歐洲政客

面對全球化浪潮,唯一發脾氣的是美國和歐洲政客
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中美贸易战和俄乌战争的爆发,让“脱钩论”甚嚣尘上,美国要与中国脱钩,欧洲要与俄罗斯脱钩等等。全球化好像判死刑。然而,现实世界却是另一幅画面。

不仅仅是西方或中国。整个世界都在忙于彼此之间的贸易——购买最便宜的商品和原材料,同时寻找新的客户。唯一发脾气的是美国和欧洲的政客。

亚洲国家除了印度,都很乐意签署大量的自由贸易协定,比如CPTPP和RCEP。拉丁美洲也意识到,听从美国的建议并不总是一个好主意。这就是为什么巴西,现在正在购买更多的俄罗斯石油产品,而阿根廷和伊朗正在加入金砖国家。沙特刚刚说俄罗斯是欧佩克的一个组成部分,并警告说与中国的任何冲突对世界来说都是可怕的。不出意外,拜登本月对沙特的访问是一次巨大的失败。

看看世界贸易吧:在过去的三十年里,它翻了五倍,从5万亿美元增至27万亿美元。发展中国家通过全球化变得富有。他们不想扭转这一趋势。

“脱钩论”是“再全球化”的另一种表现形式。美国发起的所谓“印度经济框架”和“芯片四方联盟”,搞的是“小团伙”,就是要把中国排除在世界产业链之外。

然而,“再全球化”违背了市场规律,是要受到市场的惩罚的。欧盟和俄罗斯今年发生的事情就是一个反面例子。数千家西方公司在几周内突然离开俄罗斯。然后,西方窃取了俄罗斯大约4000亿美元的外汇储备;俄罗斯被排除在SWIFT金融体系之外。这是一个前所未有的、令人震惊的地缘政治噱头,赌注很大,但似乎适得其反。欧洲现在遭受的苦难远比俄罗斯严重。

“再全球化”是一个缓慢的过程,因为它涉及很多新的投资和现有物流的改变。这并不容易。以美国的疯狂想法为例,华盛顿认为美国可以轻易地将制造业从中国转移到墨西哥。这是不可能的。中国的制造业产出是墨西哥的20倍——4.8万亿美元对2320亿美元。这意味着,只要将5%的中国制造业转移到墨西哥,墨西哥的产出就必须翻倍!上一次,墨西哥花了20年时间才将制造业产出翻一番。所以,这是不可能完成的任务。此外,墨西哥62%的劳动力从事服务业。一旦人们进入服务业,就不可能再让他们回到工厂工作(或农业)。

随着中国人口老龄化和物价上涨,制造业将发生转变,但这将是一个渐进的过程,因为中国在该领域占据主导地位。此外,中国产业链生态和庞大的基础设施,是不容易复制的。全球10个最繁忙的海港中,有7个在中国。最后,谁知道自动化和机器人将如何改变制造业?

“再全球化”徒劳的另一个例子是,在俄罗斯对乌克兰采取“特别行动”之后,欧洲不切实际地试图寻找新的石油和天然气来源。从中东运输石油或从美国运输昂贵的天然气,从长远来看是不可持续的。美国和欧盟的精英们希望俄罗斯崩溃,普京被赶下台,西方可以与新的俄罗斯傀儡领导人,达成令人惊讶的利润丰厚的交易。现在看来这只是幻想。

欧洲人拒绝从俄罗斯购买的石油和天然气,将被印度、中国和巴西等其他国家购买。化石燃料的生产几乎达到了极限。现在正在发生的一切,只是以一种愚蠢而低效的方式重组供应链。欧洲将从沙特和卡塔尔购买更多石油,而以前的中东客户将从俄罗斯购买更多石油。结果呢?石油/天然气价格将保持在很高的水平。

事实上,俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司在2022年前6个月赚的钱,比2021年全年还多。

所有对全球化的破坏,它们都来自一个国家:美国。从1945年到2015年左右,美国一直是自由贸易和全球化的鼓吹者。然而,由于美国的掠夺性金融资本主义和无休止的战争,美国开始失去它的魔力。然后,它决定遏制它的三个对手、俄罗斯、中国和伊朗——它们变得太繁荣、太快了。

特朗普对中国加征关税,和试图消除美国贸易逆差的努力失败了。去年,美国进口了5000亿美元的中国商品。欧盟也从中国进口了大约5000亿美元的商品。

西方精英们眼中的全球化是什么?他们是统治者。俄罗斯、中国和伊朗等少数国家正在威胁西方的霸权——也就是“基于规则的国际秩序”。这就是为什么世界处于如此危险的境地。

欧洲是美国霸权的牺牲品。到今年年底,我们将看到欧洲在“去全球化”的寒风中瑟瑟发抖。

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