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誰偷了誰的方案?殲35試飛諜照曝光,美媒:這是赤裸裸的抄襲JASF – 有海水的地方就有中國人

誰偷了誰的方案?殲35試飛諜照曝光,美媒:這是赤裸裸的抄襲JASF

誰偷了誰的方案?殲35試飛諜照曝光,美媒:這是赤裸裸的抄襲JASF
2,522

最近几天我国自主研制的新一代隐身战机、海军新一代隐身舰载机歼35,开始多机型密集试飞后,瞬间引爆了军事圈的热议。因为从曝光的试飞谍照来看,正在试飞阶段的歼35不仅整机完成度相当高,而且无论是从气动布局、还是局部细节都已经算是无可挑剔和足够先进。比如机头的EASA机载相控阵雷达、ETOS光电瞄准系统、EODAS分布式光电孔径系统、一体化座舱、机身侧面已经能够看到的弹射起落架、主起落架、大尺寸维护舱盖、尾部的锯齿形航发,都是直接证明歼35虽然还未服役,但已经足够先进的有效证明。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

但就在外界普遍热议歼35何时服役之际,美国知名军事网站《战区》发布文章,对歼35从发动机、机盖等诸多新细节进行了详细分析,并最终给出歼35是在赤裸裸的抄袭洛克希德公司早前的JASF舰载机方案。因为歼35现阶段的气动布局和JASF舰载机气动布局很是相似,而JASF舰载机方案则是F35隐身战机的前身技术试验机,所以歼35光是在隐身性能方面,就和F35之间存在较大差距。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

的确从歼35和JASF舰载机的设计方案来看,两机的气动布局有很多相似之处,但这也是有原因的,因为五代战机发展到今天,很多方面是有一定相通之处的,但是这并存在谁偷了谁的方案。不否认歼35在外形和一些气动布局方面确实和JASF舰载机方案有诸多相似之处,比如整机气动布局很是相似这一点。但这并不能说我们就偷了美国人的技术,而是因为当下五代战机在综合超音速、亚音速机动能力和隐身性后,能够做出的五代机最优的气动布局,确实就是这样的,也就是所谓的“殊途同归”。总不能说,这样的一个气动布局和一些气动设计,只要是美国人用了,就不能再允许别人用了吧,根本就没有这样的道理。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

而且仔细看歼35和JASF的气动布局会发现,很多地方还是有很多区别的,比如歼35是双发,而JASF还是单发布局。而且DSI进气道我们更早就有这项技术。特别是从机头开始算起的话,歼35的机头直径更大,但从机头到座舱过渡非常顺滑,而JASF的机头设计很明显是受到了F22的气动布局影响,机头直径设计的很小这样能够降低风阻,但座舱盖设计的又非常突出,也就造成机头和座舱盖之间过渡不是很圆滑。同时JASF的菱形机头下面从一开始就出现了平面设计,反观歼35机头仍然是隐身性能非常标准的菱形机头设计,不光隐身性好,而且风阻更低,

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

至于整机气动布局大致很相似,这个问题早在歼35技术验证机FC31时期就有出现,其实这个并不能算是抄袭,因为首先我们从没有近距离接触过F35战机,而且也从未接触过任何关于F35的技术资料,所以根本不存在剽窃、抄袭的问题。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

至于美国军事网站《战区》给出的歼35隐身性能不如F35隐身战机,这一点根本没有事实依据。首先歼35和F35虽然一架是单发战机、一架是双发战机,但两架战机的整机尺寸很是接近、而且气动布局也很是相似。但确定一架五代战机雷达反射面积RCS的关键除了机身尺寸外、还有隐身气动翼面、隐身涂层这些关键参数。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

对于美国而言,现阶段歼35还处于试飞状态,并不是最终的量产服役状态,而且几次公布的很多细节虽然越来越多,但诸如整机精准尺寸、比较关键的正面谍照一直并未公开,就算是专业人员也无法精准的计算出歼35的雷达反射面积是多少?所以美媒在这个时候就宣称歼35的隐身性能不如F35,很明显就是在故意抹黑。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

当然从都作为五代隐身舰载机角度来看的话,歼35从动力布局上就已经碾压F35C一大截了,因为舰载机为了起降安全更偏向于双发战机,像我们常见的歼15、F14、F18、阵风M、米格29K舰载机清一色都是双发布局,这样在海上高盐雾、高腐蚀的情况下,就算战机在起降过程中失发,仍然能够靠剩余的一台发动机安全降落(双发同时失效的可能性只有1/1000)。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

但F35从一开始就为了作为F22的低配出现,为了降低成本采用了单发布局,而为了增加起飞重量,又通过扩大涵道比的方式大幅提升推力,所以最终我们看到了最大起飞重量30吨级的F35战机,竟然装备了一台加力推力18吨级的F135发动机。的确这样的推力输出很是惹眼,但从航发发展来说,F135这种做法并不提倡,因为其是通过增加涵道比的方式实现推力增加的,而战机的涵道比过大会导致战机加速性差,所以这也是为啥最大起飞重量30吨、最大起飞推力18吨的F35战机最大飞行速度只有1.8马赫的原因。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

反观歼35从一开始,既为了提升舰载机安全起降、又因为国内现阶段还无法提供类似F135这种级别的加力航发,所以歼35从早期FC31技术验证机开始,就使用了双发设计。这不光增强了起降安全性,同时双发后期通过换装涡扇19先进航发后,按照涡扇19预计加力推力11吨计算的话,同样最大起飞重量30吨级的歼35,最大起飞加力将高达22吨,比F135的18吨更大。但涡扇19两台发动机并不是扩大涵道比提升推力输出的,所以可以肯定的是歼35的最大飞行速度将比F35的1.8马赫更大,可能会达到2.2马赫左右。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

最后就是《战区》网站认为,F35座舱盖朝前打开是为了在座舱后面设计升力风扇,以开发两栖攻击舰使用的垂直起降版本,但迄今为止没有任何迹象表面歼35或之前的FC-31正在开发垂直起降版本,所以战区也不是很明白为啥歼35的座舱盖也要朝前打开、且机身背部隆起很高?

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

首先解释一下为啥歼35的座舱后面隆起很高,因为在战机高速飞行、特别是在超音速飞行过程中,气流穿过座舱盖后,会在座舱盖后面产生“低压区”,继而产生乱流现象,特别是对于F35、歼35这类为了增强视野范围、整个座舱盖设计的很是高大、饱满的战机而言更是如此。所以F35和歼35都故意将背部设计的隆起,F35是为了在这个位置增加升力风扇,同时消除这个低压乱流区;而歼35则是为了消除乱流区的同时,主动增加机身内部空间,毕竟五代战机为了隐身需求采用内置武器弹舱后,机身内部可用空间明显缩小,特别是歼35还是双发布局,所以设计这个隆起的背部,除了能够降低风阻外,还能扩大机身内部空间,装载更多的燃油或航电系统,进一步提升歼35的远程打击实力。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

最后从F35B的垂直起降情况来看,其垂直起降模式下载弹量和作战半径很是鸡肋,比如其垂直起降模式下,最大作战半径仅有833千米、最大载弹量仅有1.2吨。所以对于歼35而言,双发布局不适合发展垂直起降版本,同时对于我们而言也看不上F35B的这种起飞模式,因为我们已经是“电磁弹射系统”,所以完全可以在075两栖攻击舰基础上,通过加装电磁弹射系统、再直接使用歼35舰载机,发展出076弹射型两栖攻击舰。

谁偷了谁的方案?歼35试飞谍照曝光,美媒:这是赤裸裸的抄袭JASF

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