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8576億!美參院通過2023年軍費草案,美智庫預警:或導致大國沖突 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

8576億!美參院通過2023年軍費草案,美智庫預警:或導致大國沖突

8576億!美參院通過2023年軍費草案,美智庫預警:或導致大國沖突
2,525

2022年尚未过半,美国参议院军事委员会就已经开始讨论起2023财年的国防预算。据美媒报道,日前该委员会表决通过了《2023财年国防授权法》草案,要求美国国会在白宫提交的国防预算基础上,再增加450亿美元的额度,总额达到8576亿美元,同比增加8%。

报道称,增加的450亿美元预算,主要用于为美国陆海空三军购买武器装备,增加弹药库存,同时支持新式巡航导弹以及新战舰的研发与服役。

当然,8576亿美元并不是最终的金额,由于国会参众两院对2023财年的国防预算存在较大的分歧,所以接下来还将举行多场听证会,继续论证审议上述草案的合理性。

8576亿!美参院通过2023年军费草案,美智库预警:或导致大国冲突

过去十年,美国的国防预算一直呈现上涨趋势,其中2018年的涨幅甚至超过了10%。拜登在竞选之初承诺,他上台之后,将会削减国防预算,虽然在2021年的时候降至了0.3%,是近年来涨幅最小的一次。

不过一年之后,拜登便放弃了当初的承诺,2022年美国国防预算增长3.7%,重新步入快速通道。如今的美国国防预算是一个什么样的水平,通过一组数据可以很直观地了解到。

根据瑞典斯德哥尔摩和平研究所发布的报告,美国国防预算占全球总额的近4成,全球军费开支排名第2到第10位的国家加起来,还没有美国一个国家多。

8576亿!美参院通过2023年军费草案,美智库预警:或导致大国冲突

而美国国防预算连年增长,根本原因是其试图通过巨额的资金投入,获取装备优势和作战优势,继续维持美国的霸权。

过去两年,美国国防预算增长呈现出了两个明显的特点,一是增加了对一些战略性武器装备的研发投入,例如高超音速导弹和核武器。数据显示,在2023财年的国防预算中,美国高超音速导弹项目获得了47亿美元的专项资金。

按照美国媒体的说法,高超音速导弹是为数不多的几个美国落后于中俄两大竞争对手的武器装备项目,美国需要在短时间内追上中俄。

8576亿!美参院通过2023年军费草案,美智库预警:或导致大国冲突

另外,核武器继续获得“优待”,仅新一代战略核潜艇和新一代隐身战略轰炸机两个项目,就分别拿下了63亿美元和50亿美元的专项资金。

另一个特点则是加大对某些战略重点区域的投入,2020年6月,为了更好地推行特朗普制定的“印太战略”,美国国会设立了一份70亿美元的专项基金;2022年财年,“太平洋威慑倡议”的拨款达到71亿美元。

据悉,这份专项基金主要用于提升印太地区的美国驻军的导弹防御能力、远程精确打击能力以及与盟友的协同作战能力。不少美媒直言,这其实就是为针对中国设立的,未来随着美国“印太战略”的升级,这份专项基金获得的批款还将进一步增加。

8576亿!美参院通过2023年军费草案,美智库预警:或导致大国冲突

而应对“中国军事威胁”,也成了五角大楼为增加国防预算被反复使用的一个借口。不过在美国智库昆西国家事务研究所看来,一些美国“鹰派”政客一味通过渲染“中国军事威胁”,要求增加美国国防预算,会让中美两国爆发军事冲突的风险越来越大。

该所发文称,美国为了应对中国崛起,而大幅度增加国防预算,最终反而会损害美国的国家安全。一来中国虽然也在积极增加军事实力,但是目前没有迹象表明中国要取代美国,主导全球秩序。

文章称,中国的国防预算远远低于美国,也没有寻求在全球范围内建设更多的海外军事基地。想要主导全球秩序,必须要有一支影响力可以覆盖全球的军事力量,目前人民解放军尚不具备这样的能力。

8576亿!美参院通过2023年军费草案,美智库预警:或导致大国冲突

二来中国当前的战略重点还是集中在周边地区,结束美国过去建立的军事优势,维护国家主权和领土完整,这是人民解放军的首要目标,所以中国暂时不会在其他地区与美国存在太多的战略利益纠葛。

而美国误判中国的战略,不仅会将美国拖入军备竞赛,而且可能直接导致中美军事冲突。文章认为,美国需要改变当前的对华策略,在与中国的博弈中,不仅需要军事力量,还要辅以外交手段。

前段时间,美国前国务基辛格也表示,尽管中国越来越强大,但并不会“称霸世界”,美国必须要避免与中国发生“灾难性碰撞”,否则第二场“冷战”会比上世纪的“美苏冷战”还要危险!

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