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都2020+了:為何火炮還用繩子拉?是因為技術落後麽? – 有海水的地方就有中國人

都2020+了:為何火炮還用繩子拉?是因為技術落後麽?

都2020+了:為何火炮還用繩子拉?是因為技術落後麽?
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【话说军世】有些朋友看到炮兵用绳子发射榴弹炮时,就会说这技术太落后了,其实事实并非如此,因为这种发射方式其实大家都在用。

火炮用绳拉是技术落后?别闹了,这是“保命必备”的技能

火炮指的“身管射击武器”,主要使用机械能、化学能、电磁能以能源发射弹丸,化学能便是现在最为常用的火药发射的身管火炮,现代一般口径大于20毫米(0.78英寸)称为炮,小于该口径则称之为枪,火炮击发方式主要分为电击发、机械击发两种,电击发主要用于火箭炮等快速发射的装备,机械击发类可分为击针击发式、击锤击发式和撞针击发式,击针击发至目前主要的机械击发方式,主要用于榴弹炮、加农炮、坦克炮等。

而击针击发式还可以分为“惯性式”、“拉火式”两种,“惯性式”发射时,炮兵就直接站在火炮身旁,用手扳动惯性式击发机直接实现发射,而“拉火式”便是使用绳子击发,发射时炮兵站在离火炮十几米外的远的距离上发射,不只是我们,这根绳子(火绳),其实至今仍然是各国陆军炮兵的必备之物。

同时,根据不同的火炮发展时期,早期有些火炮的击发结构直接设计在了炮闩上,必须要用拉火绳击发,无法直接用手进行发射,如果直接用手搬动发射,炮手会被后座的炮机直接撞伤,因此都只能采用拉火绳操作,不过现代火炮的技法结构设计,已经不再需要使用这类发射方式了,但是,拉火绳的操作却仍然存在,而且并不单单只存在我们的炮兵中,而世界各国炮兵都采用的“保命必备”技能。

1、榴弹炮用绳子拉,是因为“冷炮射击”的安全需要

“拉火式”击发也被称为“拉发”,一般用于榴弹炮的第一发或者前三发的发射,目前主要是炮兵一种安全操作方式,因为火炮在长途运输、机动或维修后,火炮的膛压都处于不确定状态、膛温较低、药包温度不稳定(尤其是冬季),炮位的稳定状态(如驻锄)也没有经过检验,此时发射炮弹,有一定发生炸膛或者炮位倾斜翻覆等状况,严重危及炮组人身安全,因此,发射第一发炮弹时,也被称为“冷炮射击”。

所以在发射首发炮弹时,炮兵班需要在距离火炮30英尺(或10米)以外的距离上,利用火绳“拉发”,这样既可以检验火炮的当前状态,又可以同时保证炮兵班的安全,避免火炮出现异常状态威胁人员安全,首发炮弹稳定发射成功后,炮班成员一般就可以回到火炮身边进行发射操作了。

以实战角度来说:首发炮弹“拉发”并不是技术落后,而是世界各国炮兵用经验教训总结出来的,已经写入了各国炮兵操作所必备的安全守则中。

在牵引式榴弹炮中,M777A1型155毫米榴弹炮是目前技术水平最高的,但是即便是美军手中的M777,首发也必须要进行“拉发”,因为此前美军在进行军事演习中,美军炮兵曾经发生过没有“拉发”,结果M777发生了炸膛,导致多名士兵受伤的情况,因此,即便是现在美军装备的M777,也必须要进行首发“拉发”。

以现代炮兵的角度来说,“拉火式”其实就是一种标准的操作规则,与一些人口中“技术落后”并没有什么关系,其实美军炮兵在发射火炮时,也有没带隔音耳塞的情况,隔音“全靠手”,也并不是“勇敢”的站在炮身旁拉绳,而是炮手也都“出了画面”。

2、不只是普通榴弹炮,技术“课代表”也得用绳子拉

同时,这种“拉火式”击发方式不仅仅是应用于牵引式榴弹炮,目前自动化技术水平较高的卡车炮,其实也需要,比如法国的凯撒卡车炮等其实在“冷炮射击”时,也需要进行“拉发”。

即便是技术水平更高的自行火炮其实也是需要用,作为自行火炮技术“课代表”的德国陆军PzH-2000装甲榴弹炮,在进行首发炮弹的“冷炮射击”时,炮手也是需要炮弹车外,利用火绳在较远的距离上进行“拉发”。

而美国陆军的M109A6“帕拉丁”自行榴弹炮,在进行首发炮弹的“冷炮射击”时,炮手的操作方式也是一样的,这种发射方式其实与“技术落后”与否没有关系,既是炮兵经验积累的体现,又是为了炮兵班组人员安全的操作要求。

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