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“海軍灰”殲-35亮相,已經刷上隱身塗層測試,並使用國產發動機 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

“海軍灰”殲-35亮相,已經刷上隱身塗層測試,並使用國產發動機

“海軍灰”殲-35亮相,已經刷上隱身塗層測試,並使用國產發動機
2,577

在海军官宣18号航母会在今年内下水后,作为和18号航母配套的重点项目,歼-35隐身战斗机也引起了许多人的关注。从目前已经公开的信息上来看,歼-35隐身舰载机一共出现了三个不同的关键节点。
第一个项目节点,是去年以“绿皮机”的样式公开亮相。第二个节点,则是不久之前和歼-15舰载机一同出现在陆基舰载机训练中心。而第三个节点,则是近期出现的“海军灰”涂装歼-35隐身战斗机,这也代表了歼-35隐身战斗机已经开始刷上隐身涂层,接受更加贴近实战的相关测试了。

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机

参照歼-20隐身战斗机当年的测试流程和测试时间,歼-35隐身战斗机距离自己的“大成”之日显然已经非常接近了。搞不好18号航母在完成相关舾装任务后,进行海上试验时,就可以开始展开歼-35隐身舰载机在18号航母上的起降和部署试验。

“海军灰”对于歼-35隐身战斗机来说至关重要,一般来说,只有通过了前期的关键性能测试,满足了厂家和军方在相关方面的技术指标,“黄皮机”和“绿皮机”才有机会刷上正式涂装,参与下一步的测试。当然,考虑到歼-35是一款隐身战斗机,所以歼-35的“海军灰”必然也含有隐身涂层。

这是对歼-35隐身战斗机测试中相当关键的一个步骤,在此之前,中国的歼-20隐身战斗机已经证明了自己在野战机库中同样可以对隐身涂层进行较好地保养。

但歼-35隐身战斗机不同,海盐、海雾都会对隐身涂层产生更加严重的腐蚀。美国海军的F-35C隐身舰载机在有恒温机库定期保养的情况下,仍然在去年年底被曝出出现隐身涂层生锈、剥落的情况。很显然,歼-35隐身战斗机也需要针对这种情况进行验证。

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机

从外形上来看,此次亮相的歼-35隐身战斗机在外形上与去年年底时的样子总体上变化不大。为了增加机内空间而隆起的机背,让歼-35隐身战斗机选择了驾驶舱盖向后开启的模式,这个设计应该是已经定下来了,不会再进行大调整。

但有意思的是,从这张图上来看,我们可以看到歼-35隐身战斗机的发动机尾喷口带有明显的锯齿,这基本上可以判断是国产航空发动机,看来此前为歼-35隐身战斗机配备的小涵道比中推研制还算顺利,就是不知道是否具备轴对称矢量推动能力。

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机
如果有的话,那么这款发动机基本上就是歼-35战斗机的标配发动机了,如果没有的话,证明我们还在研发另一款先进中推,并准备取代目前正在歼-35战斗机上使用的这款中推发动机。

当然,也有部分人对此次亮相的歼-35隐身战斗机仍然携带空速管感到不理解,这实际上是对现代军用火控雷达的研制模式不够熟悉导致的。

 

现代军用火控雷达的研制实际上并不一定要在原机上进行,F-22隐身战斗机、F-35隐身战斗机和歼-20隐身战斗机上的火控雷达,都是在相应的技术验证机上进行大规模地测试和调整,证明和机载航电系统、数据链、武器接口都能兼容之后,再安装到原型机上进行测试的。

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机

对于歼-35隐身战斗机来说,如果要测试雷达,那么肯定是连带着武器系统一起测试,这得是隐身性能测试之后的事情了。所以,目前歼-35隐身战斗机刷着“海军灰”、带着空速管测试是非常正常的事情。

此外,在“绿皮机”阶段就存在的EODAS仍然存在,证明至少在光电探测系统这块儿,歼-35隐身舰载机还是和F-35C舰载机看齐了的。F-35C舰载机能干的活儿,歼-35舰载机同样能够干。

虽然总体结构设计上没有什么太大的变化了。但是细节上的调整还是有的。比如机身右侧的加油口高度明显降低到中国人正常的身高高度左右,这也就意味着,在甲板上为歼-35战斗机进行加油时,不需要再借助其他设备,能够有效提升甲板作业效率。被遮挡的机身右侧连接的应该是地面电源,用于地面供能让战机在地面自检。

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机
F-35C的可伸缩式登机梯

这些小改动也就意味着,歼-35隐身舰载机已经开始在考虑更多实战化情况下在航母上的运作问题了。当然,考虑到歼-35隐身舰载机主要是在航母上部署和使用,所以像F-35战斗机那样的可伸缩式登机梯就不用了,还可以节省一部分的机内空间。

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机
携带“鹰击-91”的歼-15

现在关于歼-35隐身舰载机还有两个比较值得关注的地方,第一个是歼-35的内置弹仓深度和长度有多大。一般来说,歼-35战斗机的内置弹舱携带PL-15这种规格的中距空空导弹应该是没有问题了,但不知道能否携带“鹰击-91”反辐射导弹和“鹰击-83K”反舰导弹这类攻击弹药。如果可以的话,歼-35在作战中就可以直接单独行动,免去了歼-15舰载机的配合。

挂载“鹰击-83K”的歼-15

第二个则是歼-35隐身舰载机能否滑跃起飞作战。从目前的照片上来看,歼-35隐身舰载机的前起落架进行了结构加强,摆明了是要进行弹射起飞的。但是美国的F/A-18E/F“超级大黄蜂”舰载机和法国的“阵风M”舰载机除了能够弹射起飞之外,也都能够滑跃起飞。所以,不排除目前的歼-35隐身舰载机也有这个能力。

这个能力对于目前的中国海军来说至关重要,能够滑跃起飞的歼-35战斗机完全可以先在“辽宁”、“山东”两艘航空目前上进行测试。这样一来,在18号航母上的测试时间就会大幅度缩短。

“海军灰”歼-35亮相,已经刷上隐身涂层测试,并使用国产发动机

此外,在舰载机数量短期内不会有明显提升的情况下,歼-35隐身战斗机的上舰部署,也能够有效提升“山东”、“辽宁”两艘航母的海上防空作战能力,算是一个性价比非常高的方案了。而以我国军用航空工业目前的技术实力来看,这实际上也并没有太大的困难。

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