Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property AAL_Main::$notifications is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/aryo-activity-log/aryo-activity-log.php on line 103

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property AAL_Main::$export is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/aryo-activity-log/aryo-activity-log.php on line 104

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetExists($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 309

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetGet($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 317

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetSet($k, $v) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 301

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetUnset($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 313

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 328

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 339

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 350

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 362

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 375

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 389

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Mongoose_Page_Plugin::$settings_page_url is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/facebook-page-feed-graph-api/inc/class-mongoose-page-plugin.php on line 228

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$settings_api is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 128

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$functions is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 139

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$update is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 140

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$settings is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 141

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$admin is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 142

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$query is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 143

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$cron is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 144

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$counter is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 145

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$columns is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 146

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$crawler_detect is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 147

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$frontend is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 148

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$dashboard is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 149

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$widgets is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 150
對不友好國家用盧布還債?!普京這一招讓印度人直呼內行! – 有海水的地方就有中國人

對不友好國家用盧布還債?!普京這一招讓印度人直呼內行!

對不友好國家用盧布還債?!普京這一招讓印度人直呼內行!
2,352

大家好,我是以史为鉴。

随着俄乌战争的推进,西方虽然不敢直接上战场,但是在金融、外交、体育、文化、科技等等全方面开始抵制俄罗斯,甚至扔出了有金融核弹之称的“swift”,把俄罗斯排除在世界交易体系之外。

这直接导致俄罗斯货币卢布兑换美元的汇率直线下跌,2月28日的时候,卢布兑美元汇率跌至109卢布兑1美元,跌幅超过30%。

但是俄罗斯既然已经和西方全面撕破脸了,那就别怪俄罗斯出狠招了。

普京在3月7日放话,将制定一个不友好国家名单,对于名单上的国家,俄罗斯允许企业和个人以卢布来偿还他们的债务。

普京这句话一出,让观察家们大跌眼镜,还有这操作!?

这么一来,欧盟、英国、韩国、日本这些对俄制裁跳得欢的国家,手里头的俄罗斯债务恐怕要大大地缩水了,真是搬起石头砸自己的脚。

不过普京能使出这样的大招,其实也是吃一堑,长一智,俄罗斯当年就吃过类似的大亏,而让俄罗斯吃亏的就是现在的东方某人口第一大国

印度:没错,正是在下!

印度是英国的殖民地,在二战结束之后,全世界独立浪潮兴起,印度也趁此机会摆脱了英国的殖民统治,于1947年8月15日宣布独立。

但是此时的印度还是彻底的农业社会,因为搅屎棍英国的蒙巴顿方案,原来的印度被分成印度和巴基斯坦两个国家,双方在英国的搅合之下,开始视对方如同水火。

之后世界陷入美苏两强争霸的冷战局势当中,美国搞一个北约,苏联马上上马华约针锋相对;

印度一看机会难得,于是率先打出不结盟运动的大旗,颇有第三世界领袖的架势,甚至印度一度打算调停我国和美国在朝鲜半岛的战争。

等苏联进入赫鲁晓夫时期,赫鲁晓夫认为印度的地理位置极为重要,不但控制着印度洋,而且可以从南威胁我青藏高原。

于是苏联开始对印度的援助,这些援助包括工业化项目、武器采购和援助以及巨额的金融贷款。

根据统计,从1951年印度接受苏联援助开始,一直到80年代中期停止。

在长达三十多年的时间里,苏联对于印度的援助十分庞大。

就军事装备而言,印度海陆空三军一度有70%的武器都是来自苏联。

就工业体系而言,苏联援助了印度102个大型项目,而这些项目的最终投产,提供了印度钢产量的三分之一,电力的五分之一,原油产量的60%,冶金设备的80%。

而因为印度的特殊地位,苏联甚至在上世纪八十年代,以及入不敷出的情况下,依然给印度巨额援助。

比如在1985年,印度总理拉吉夫·甘地访问苏联,又跟戈尔巴乔夫索要了价值51亿美元的军事援助。要知道,1985年,中国的全部外汇储备也不过26亿美元。

苏联对于印度援助巨大,而且对于还款条件设置还极为宽松。

比如1980年,苏联向印度提供16.3亿美元的军援贷款,并同意印度用卢比偿还,偿还期17年。

根据苏联人自己的统计,到1979年1月1日,苏联答应给印度的贷款达143.1亿卢比,赠款达1.2亿卢比,总计为144.3亿卢比。扣除于1977年印度以实物偿还苏联小麦贷款的20.2亿卢比。印度实际使用苏联贷款100.0亿卢比、赠款1.1亿卢比。

但是在这样优厚的条件下,印度人反而更加斤斤计较,印度人眼里只有芝麻没有西瓜地性格最大化的体现出来了。

印度对没到期的贷款就是个拖,到期的还款更要拖,拖到苏联多次索要还是个拖,一直拖到了1991年苏联解体。

根据统计,印度在苏联解体前,欠苏联的贷款高达110亿金卢布。

为什么叫金卢布?因为苏联为了对抗美元霸权,在1961年进行币制改革,新卢布直接和黄金挂钩,规定1卢布的含金量为0.987412克。

当时1美元只能兑换0.9卢布,卢布是和美元同样坚挺的世界货币。

但是到了1991年,苏联解体,卢布的价格一跌到底,卢布兑美元变成了125卢布换1美元,而且还在下跌。到了1997年,卢布价格直接贬值到了1美元兑换5000多卢布。

而此时接纳了苏联最大遗产和最大债务的俄罗斯国内也动荡不已,根本顾不上外债。印度人一看这是绝佳的好机会啊。

于是直接用贬值到底的卢布偿还了欠前苏联的巨额卢布债务。相当于只用300万美元就还完了价值100多亿美元的欠债,印度人这一操作堪称世界奇迹

当时越南人也欠着苏联大批债务,一看印度这操作,马上就要跟进!俄罗斯人忘记限定归还外债的币种,刚在印度人身上吃了大亏,马上亡羊补牢规定必须以美元还款。

越南人一看既然错过时机了,那就拖着吧,这一拖一直拖到2000年左右,逼得俄罗斯同意减免86%的债务,越南才开始准备还钱。

可以说俄罗斯之所以在军售上拿印度人开刀,无论是航母还是潜艇还是五代机,印度人都当了钱包+小白鼠,这不是俄罗斯人不地道,而是在报复印度当年落井下石的仇。

现在时间过去三十年,俄罗斯人依然记着这个故事,不过现在是风水轮流转,西方既然敢制裁俄罗斯,打压俄罗斯的卢布价值。

那么西方可做好准备,俄罗斯将用贬值的卢布来偿还自己巨额的债务?

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You cannot copy content of this page

error: Content is protected !!
%d bloggers like this: