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病得不輕啊,印度試射世界射程最遠的反潛飛彈,21世紀刻舟求劍 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

病得不輕啊,印度試射世界射程最遠的反潛飛彈,21世紀刻舟求劍

病得不輕啊,印度試射世界射程最遠的反潛飛彈,21世紀刻舟求劍
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據環球網報導,12月13日,印度再次成功試射了「超音速飛彈輔助魚雷發射系統」,也就是SMART反潛飛彈,這是一種配備有輕型魚雷戰鬥部的遠程飛彈,印度號稱該彈的最大射程高達650公里。

印度方面宣稱SMART反潛飛彈可以將印軍的反潛作戰能力提高到遠超常規魚雷射程範圍之外。印度國防研究與發展組織還表示,SMART反潛飛彈使用兩級固體推進,精密慣性導航,採用陸基機動方式進行發射。其戰鬥部配有一枚輕型反潛魚雷,飛彈飛到目標區後會釋放魚雷,魚雷再入水搜尋潛艇。

新型反潛飛彈成功試射的消息一出,印度國內一片沸騰,印度軍迷網友也嗨翻了。因為,SMART反潛飛彈的射程高達650公里,是當之無愧的世界第一。印度SMART反潛飛彈的射程是其他國家反潛飛彈的10~20倍。印度反潛飛彈這種超遠程的射程,中美俄三國的所有現役反潛飛彈都要跪下。

美國現役垂直發射的RUM-139「阿斯洛克」反潛飛彈射程只有22公里,俄羅斯SS-N-14「石英」反潛飛彈的射程也就30公里。只有中國魚-8反潛飛彈的射程稍遠,但也只有50公里。

不過,對於反潛飛彈來說,650公里射程純屬用力過猛,沒有什麼卵用。中美俄造不出遠射程的反潛飛彈嗎?當然不是,因為那是完全沒有必要的。

反潛飛彈其實是固體火箭發動機和反潛輕魚雷的嫁接武器,在我國,正式的名稱應該叫「火箭助飛反潛魚雷」。可由水面艦艇發射,空中飛行幾十公里,然後俯衝,打開降落傘,魚雷入水,以螺旋曲線在目標水域搜索獵殺敵方潛艇。

大多數反潛飛彈沒有中段機動能力,儘管名字叫「反潛飛彈」,例如美國的阿茲洛克反潛飛彈,其實就是一個純粹的以彈道飛行的火箭彈,並沒有中間彈道的控制系統,就像是一門火箭炮一樣打出去的火箭彈,按照發射前裝定的射角,進行傻傻的彈道直飛,不能做中途的彈道修改。目前只有中國的魚-8火箭助推反潛魚雷,可以做遠程的可以制導的巡航段平飛,整個彈道非常複雜,不是純彈道式的飛行,可以做長時間的巡航飛行,而且可以中段制導。

反潛飛彈是需要目標指示的,目標坐標要通過反潛機,或者其他艦艇的線列陣被動聲吶來提供。只能提供一個大體的方位,然後通過數據鏈傳遞給發射艦艇,由於沒有大型主動聲吶的引導,也沒有導線的目標修正,所以反潛飛彈的命中概率非常有限,除非將反潛飛彈扔到距離敵人潛艇只有1~2公里甚至數百米的範圍內入水。

反潛飛彈戰鬥部所使用的反潛魚雷在距離潛艇2000米以內打開聲吶導引頭,命中概率最佳,潛艇很不容易擺脫。但距離超過2000米時,魚雷的命中概率會急劇下降。

我們假設印度的航空反潛實力很強,印度從美國進口的8架P-8反潛機能夠在600公里外指示目標。但SMART反潛飛彈還需要進行發射準備,此外飛行650公里的時間也很長,儘管飛彈是超音速的,但也要飛行大約15分鐘。總體的反應時間可能要長達20~40分鐘,在這段時間裡,敵方潛艇可能早就已經溜得不知去向了,就是以5節的低噪音慢速潛航,也能跑出去三公里以上,逃出輕魚雷的必殺範圍。因此,通過遠程反潛機為遠程反潛飛彈指示目標,再往指定區域發射飛彈,與「刻舟求劍」沒有什麼區別。

既然有了P-8那樣先進的反潛機,發現目標以後就應該直接使用機載反潛魚雷攻擊,而不是捨近求遠去召喚幾百公里外的反潛飛彈。

此外,在海空聯合作戰時,飛彈飛行路徑上是需要有淨空要求的,絕對不可能對著有反潛機徘徊的海域發射反潛飛彈。要知道,反潛飛彈的彈道高度有上千米,這正好是反潛機的飛行高度,這在戰時很容易誤傷。想像一下,一枚從650公里外射過來的反潛飛彈,在快飛到目標區的時候,恰好命中了也在目標區飛行的P-8反潛機,這場面有多麼酸爽。

關於武器的超遠射程,三流國家特喜歡遠程武器,而頂尖大國反而不追求巨大射程。例如在前幾年珠海航展上,我國曾展示過WS-3遠程反潛火箭彈和WS-66遠程反艦火箭彈。這種岸對海武器的概念非常新鮮、獨具創意,所以很受軍迷們推崇,也很受一些有海防要求的三流國家的推崇。

但是沒什麼卵用,這玩意我們海軍根本不會買。大國海軍不屑使用這種投機取巧的邊緣化的武器,小國海軍買過來也是燒火棍,因為他們需要額外再配備一整套的指揮通信和遠程預警目標指示系統,這套系統比幾門火箭炮貴無數倍。

有買這些超遠程燒火棍的錢,還不如老老實實地建設一支小型的相對完整的海防體系,例如海上巡邏偵察機、反潛機,多用途制空戰鬥機,潛艇,小型反潛艦,以及作戰指揮系統。儘管並不先進,儘管射程和火力範圍很近,但是一旦有事卻很好用。

超遠射程的反潛飛彈沒什麼作戰意義,這相當於跳高運動員把助跑的距離延長到了1公里。只有印度這種志大才疏的軍隊,才會搞一種射程650公里的反潛燒火棍。

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