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無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代戰機 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代戰機

無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代戰機
2,146

前言

早在2005年,美國就服役了世界上第一型五代機F-22「猛禽」,這比其他國家服役五代機的時間整整提前了12年的時間。即使到現在,F-22「猛禽」也是世界上為數不多的五代機里的佼佼者。美國航空工業憑藉著技術上的優勢,為F-22配備了大量極具高科技含量的作戰系統、軟硬體設備和機身材料等,賦予了F-22「猛禽」強大的戰鬥力。然而,如此先進的F-22戰鬥機卻因為多種原因而宣布停產,這對於美國繼續發展下一代空優戰鬥機來說是一個不小的壓力。到目前為止,F-22已經停產了十年的時間,這讓後來服役的五代機逐漸縮小了與F-22之間的差距,如果美國的第六代戰鬥機不能在十年內服役,那麼美國空軍將失去對其他國家空軍的代差優勢。

無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代 戰機

F-22停產原因

雖然從現在來看,F-22「猛禽」的綜合作戰性能仍然是其他五代機無法匹敵的,但從長遠來看,已經停產的F-22隻能通過升級改造來滿足其對未來空戰中出現的不斷變化的需求,這將註定F-22戰鬥機無法對抗還處於高速發展中的殲-20、SU-57等五代戰機。F-22戰鬥機停產的最大原因就是因為成本太高,這讓美國空軍原計劃購買F-22的數量從750架降到648架,轉而又降到339架,最後決定只購買185架。隨著美國經濟的整體下滑,美軍不得不將多項高價格的軍事項目削減或中止,其中就包括F-22項目。

無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代 戰機

當時,美國空軍部長麥可·唐利就表示,購買更多的F-22戰鬥機將意味著做的其他事情就少了,而空軍的預算里還有許多其他關鍵和緊迫的需求,停產F-22戰機省下的資金可以處理更多事項。當然,F-22的停產並不只是這一個原因。由於殲-20、蘇-57等五代機的計劃發生了延遲,這導致F-22在進行空對空作戰任務時缺乏一個清晰的作戰模式,再加上為了避免F-22高度機密性隱身塗料技術的外泄,所以美國國會又決定不出口F-22,這些都使得F-22戰鬥機的成本居高不下。在這種情況下,美軍又開始積極研發F-35「閃電II」和隱身無人機,這更促使了F-22的停產。

無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代 戰機

F-22的技術特點

F-22最大的特點就是具備隱身能力和在發動機不開加力情況下的超音速巡航能力,這與F-22的氣動布局有著很大的關係。F-22採用雙垂尾雙發動機的整體布局,它的垂尾向外傾斜27°,這是為提升戰機的隱身性能而設計的,它的進氣口和發動機尾部也都作了抑制紅外輻射的隱形設計,8枚空空飛彈也都能放在四個內置彈艙中。除此之外,F-22機體還大量使用了熱加工塑料和人造纖維合成的聚合複合材料,在之後的量產機上這種複合材料的使用比例達到了35%。由於超音速巡航的需求,F-22又使用了大量的鈦合金材料,再加上內置武器所占空間較大,把機身厚度也增加了不少,所以F-22的整體空重要比蘇-57大出不少。

無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代 戰機

F-22前景黯淡

對F-22「猛禽」戰鬥機的現代化升級改造似乎是一個歷史悠久的話題,早在F-22還未服役的2003年,就在對這型五代機進行升級改造。在最開始的十年時間裡,只是對F-22進行一些零碎軟體系統和少量硬體的改進,畢竟F-22在當時是超越當代的產物,各方面的性能都是最好的。在2014年,美軍又對F-22戰鬥機的現代化升級和延長使用壽命提出了更大規模的計劃,被稱為「增量3.2B」計劃。該計劃總共花費了69億美元,增強了F-22的對地打擊能力和加密安全性,還進一步增強了F-22的空戰能力,為其配備了兩種新型的空對空飛彈,分別是AIM-9X和AIM-120D。

無法對中俄空軍形成優勢,美空軍或放棄F-22,目光轉向下一代 戰機

在之後的升級改造計劃中,「增量3.2B」也為F-22提出了不少新增的能力,讓F-22擁有了更加先進的集成軟硬體設備,以及為其提供了後期檢修維護的基礎設施。而在近期,美軍再次提出了關於升級F-22的計劃,這份被稱為「先進猛禽增強和維護」的項目計劃歷時10年時間,總共耗資108億美元,這一升級項目要保證F-22至少在未來的十年時間內保持與其他五代機的競爭力。然而,美國空軍的希諾特將軍認為,F-22將作為美軍下一代空中優勢戰鬥機的過渡機型而存在,未來F-22無法為美國的盟友提供強有力的保護。目前,這份合同並沒有真正簽訂,F-22的前景可以說非常渺茫。

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