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歷史一刻將上演!MQ-25將登航母,此前已成功為三型戰機空中加油 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

歷史一刻將上演!MQ-25將登航母,此前已成功為三型戰機空中加油

歷史一刻將上演!MQ-25將登航母,此前已成功為三型戰機空中加油
2,387

美國海軍宣布,MQ-25「黃貂魚」艦載加油機計劃正準備進行首次航母演示。根據海軍航空系統司令部最近發布的消息稱,美國海軍和波音公司正在維吉尼亞州諾福克海軍站的Chambers
Field完成MQ-25「黃貂魚」測試設備的地面測試。

海軍大西洋司令部航空兵指揮官約翰·邁耶少將說,黃貂魚是海軍航空的未來,也是未來航空兵聯隊真正革命性的一步。MQ-25代表了第一架艦載無人機(UAV),地面測試是邁向載人和無人飛機平台合作的又一步。將MQ-25這樣的平台整合到空中機翼中,將增加它們的殺傷力和航程。

MQ-25「黃貂魚」將無人機空中加油和情報、監視和偵察能力引入空中聯隊,這將擴大航母聯隊和航母戰鬥群的射程、作戰能力和殺傷力。

技術首席工程師材料審查委員會的里克施拉姆說,我們在黃貂魚上安裝了一個系統,可以讓飛機的引擎啟動,動力運行,並由甲板上的控制人員滑行。

施拉姆表示,他們正在使用彩繪線對飛行甲板的部分區域進行分割,以測試MQ-25如何能夠在航空母艦上機動。這次測試是為計劃於12月在航母上進行的演示做準備。該項目將提供MQ-25在船上環境下的早期評估。

MQ-25是海軍統一、互操作網絡和系統架構戰略願景的第一步。它為未來無人系統被引入航空兵聯隊和航空母艦環境鋪平了道路。首席航空機械師Michael
Solle表示,MQ-25的無人機能力將允許F/A-18返回其主要任務,並延長其打擊航程和提高機動性。

此前F/A-18的空中加油是靠F/A-18之間的夥伴加油完成的。這必要導致一部分F/A-18戰鬥機只能充當加油機,而不是戰鬥機。

MQ-25是下一代美國海軍艦載無人加油機,也是美軍航母上第一款艦載無人機,在930公里範圍內可以為四至六架飛機提供15000磅(6800公斤)的燃油,將F/A-18E/F和F-35C的作戰半徑擴大到1300公里以上。

MQ-25採用一具推力為10000磅(4500公斤)的勞斯萊斯AE
3007引擎,這款引擎同時也被安裝在海軍MQ-4C海神式無人機上。雖然這款無人機的隱身效果不像飛翼構型的無人機那麼好,但它的機身仍具有一定的匿蹤性,並採用了低可探測性的進氣道與V型尾翼。

2019年4月,第一架MQ-25試驗機(被命名為T-1或Tail
1)從波音公司位於聖路易斯蘭伯特國際機場的工廠飛行到與斯科特空軍基地相連的美國聖路易斯機場。通過美國聯邦航空總署(FAA)的認證後,該原型機將進行更密集的測試飛行。

2020年12月9日,MQ-25
T-1 展示機首度掛載Cobham公司製造的空中加油吊艙(Aerial
Refueling Store, ARS),完成2.5小時試飛。

2021年6月初,MQ-25
T-1
展示機首次為VX-23試飛評估中隊支援的F-18F戰鬥機空中加油。這是航空史上第一次由無人機為其他飛機加油。該次試飛任務長達4.5小時,完成尾流評估及多次加油管線連接。兩機連接時間超過最長超過10分鐘,共傳輸325磅燃料。

MQ-25
T-1 展示機隨後分別於2021年8月18日以及9月13日,完成E-2D預警機及F-35C戰鬥機空中加油試飛科目。

美國海軍原計劃於2021年10月1日,正式成立第十無人艦載多用途中隊
(Unmanned Carrier Launched
Multi-Role Squadron 10, VUQ-10)。該中隊將展開人員訓練,並接收第一批MQ-25量產機。看樣是推遲了。

雖然黃貂魚已經完成了對F-18F、E-2C和F-35C的空中加油,但是距離真正在航母使用還有很多路要走。比如此前的加油測試都是依靠地面控制站完成的。如果在航母使用就必須解決如何在航母上控制的問題。目前美國海軍正在研製自己的控制站,該控制站不僅可以控制黃貂魚,還可以控制其他無人。

美海軍將斥資約130億美元購買76架MQ-25A。海軍計劃在2025年之前宣布MQ-25A的初始作戰能力(IOC)。(冪談天下/張冪)

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