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高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意
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最近一段時間,有關高超音速飛彈的話題一直都是軍迷關心的熱點。前些天,外媒不遺餘力地宣傳「中國測試高超音速飛彈」,還繪聲繪色地表示,這枚飛彈非同尋常的先進入軌道然後再進行所謂的「環繞地球」飛行,然後進入大氣層中進行「高超音速滑翔」,但最終結果顯示,這枚飛彈的戰鬥部落在距離目標的20多英里遠的地方。

聽外媒此番描述下來,好像他們全程觀看了此項實驗一樣。對於這一謠言,中國外交部駁斥說,這只是中國進行的太空飛行器實驗,用作驗證中國在太空飛行器可重複使用技術上的最新突破。但是對於我方的回答,一向看熱鬧不嫌事大的外媒顯然聽不進去。

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

前些天,有記者還專門就「中國實驗高超音速飛彈」的問題詢問美國總統拜登。拜登表示,對於中國進行的相關實驗感到擔憂,並且已經通過外交途徑向中方表達了自己的立場。拜登接下來表示,美國依然擁有全世界最強大的武裝力量,美國人不需要擔心其他國家的軍力超越自己,尤其是中國和俄羅斯。

那麼在代表未來軍事科技發展的高超音速飛彈領域,中美俄三國究竟處於一個什麼樣的位置上呢?

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

中國一枝獨秀

在核潛艇、核動力航母等領域,解放軍離美俄兩國還是有著不小的差距,但是在高超音速飛彈方面,如果中國敢稱第二,那就沒人敢稱第一。

之所以中國在高超音速飛彈方面全球領先,是因為中國早在幾十年前就開始相關課題的理論研究,著名的「錢學森彈道」就為我國當下高超音速武器的發展奠定理論基礎。在該理論的基礎上,滑翔飛行、雙椎體機動等一系列設計紛紛出爐,被運用到我國的高超音速武器中。

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

說到我國的高超音速武器,大家最耳熟能詳的就是DF-17高超音速飛彈。正所謂天下武功唯快不破,DF-17最大的亮點就是其超高的飛行速度。在速度只要超過5馬赫便可以被認為是高超音速飛彈的今天,它的最高速度可達驚人的10馬赫,堪稱深不可測的突防利器。除了速度快,DF-17還能以「錢學森彈道」在6萬米高空的大氣層內「打水漂」,隨時進行靈活機動。

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

世界上所有反導系統的設計原理都是在對來襲飛彈的路線預測之上,像DF-17這樣以高超音速在大氣層中來回進行變軌,美國人耗費幾十時間年花費天文數字建設起來的反導網絡幾乎成了擺設。

俄羅斯進步明顯

限於軍費投入的不足,現在俄羅斯的三軍基本上都在「啃老本」。但即便是經營困難,俄軍也將僅有的經費投入到少數具有戰略意義的國防項目中,這其中就有高超音速飛彈。總體而言俄軍的高超音速飛彈和我軍相比尚有一定距離,但在多年的發展後也進步明顯,算是世界一流水平。

這個月初,俄軍成功進行了一次「鋯石」飛彈的發射實驗。俄羅斯國防部透露,「鋯石」飛彈最高速度9馬赫,最遠射程1000公里,能攜帶400公斤的戰鬥部。一旦它全面列裝俄軍核潛艇部隊,那麼在戰爭時美軍將無法攔截從海底射來的「毀滅性」武器。

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

除了「鋯石」外,俄羅斯還有「先鋒」和「匕首」這兩款同樣屬於高超音速的戰略飛彈。到目前為止,「匕首」還在前期實驗之中,而「先鋒」已經投入戰備值班。未來的俄羅斯戰略火箭部隊中,將形成「鋯石」、「匕首」、「先鋒」同時存在的情形。

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

美國差強人意

作為全世界軍力最強的美國,卻在高超音速飛彈上落後於中俄,讓很多人沒有想到。

其實高超音速飛彈的最初概念,就是源於美國提出的「1小時打遍全球」。但因為美國整體軍力的強大,因此美軍最早並沒有在高超音速飛彈領域投入大筆資金,憑藉著遍布全球的軍事基地和航母,美國已經能實現自己的戰略打擊目標。

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

不過等到中俄相繼在高超音速飛彈上取得重大成就後,美國人卻走上了最難的一條路——即研發自備吸氣式動力裝置的高超音速飛彈。這條中俄都不敢走的路,美國人卻義無反顧走下去,導致的結果只能是美軍在這一項目上遲遲收穫不到令人滿意的成就。

高超音速飛彈之爭:中國一枝獨秀,俄羅斯進步明顯,美國差強人意

根據美媒的消息,美軍剛剛舉行的一次相關類型的實驗遭遇失敗。早在半年之前的4月份,美軍就已經舉行了一次失敗的實驗,接連兩次的失敗已經讓美軍高層感到不安,如果失敗的態勢繼續保持下去,那麼美軍將就此在高超音速武器的競爭中出局。

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