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韓國首枚火箭失敗後,狂言未來要超越中國,請求俄羅斯伸出援手 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

韓國首枚火箭失敗後,狂言未來要超越中國,請求俄羅斯伸出援手

韓國首枚火箭失敗後,狂言未來要超越中國,請求俄羅斯伸出援手
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近日,由韓國自行研製的KSLV-II號「全國產火箭」發射衛星失敗的消息引起媒體的高度關注,分析人士指出,韓國自建國以來一直期望建立其國防技術可以實現獨立。加上來自北方強敵的強力壓制,韓國自上世紀50年代末期就開始跟蹤世界先進水國家的飛彈和火箭技術發展,但限於自身實力的因素,韓國的運載火箭技術研究一直處於低潮期。

一些西方分析認為,根據美韓在1979年達成的協定,韓國不得發展和擁有戰鬥部重量達到500千克,且射程超過180公里的彈道飛彈,目的是減少該地區出現彈道飛彈軍備競賽的可能性,這被認為是限制韓國發展運載火箭乃至遠程飛彈的根本原因之一。

由於美國的限制,韓國的運載火箭發展和其他國家有著本質性不同,其他國家其從彈道飛彈走向運載火箭,而韓國則是從運載火箭走向彈道飛彈的發展脈絡,究其原因就是美國對韓國武器裝備建設的絕對控制。一直到1996年,韓國金泳三政府發布首份太空事業規劃文件《宇宙開發中長期計劃》,並以此為基礎確定了韓國未來航空技術開發的推進方向、階段性目標及開發戰略,對衛星載荷、民用運載火箭、衛星情報應用和宇宙探測等領域的遠景和中長期目標作出了適當規劃。

韓國首枚火箭失敗後,狂言未來要超越中國,請求俄羅斯伸出援手

韓國的目標是希望複製其在汽車產業、電子產業、造船產業和化工產業等工業領域成功的經驗,計劃用10年時間,在航天航空領域和半導體領域引領韓國國家產業的發展,韓國當時的目標甚至想和俄羅斯、中國以及歐盟爭奪世界衛星發射市場15%左右的市場份額。鑑於2001年之後,美國對中國航天進行了大規模封鎖和制裁,將中國運載火箭排除在世界航天發射的主流市場之外,韓國認為自己的機會來了,韓國首先瞄準世界應用衛星市場和中低軌道發射市場,投入「巨資」,在以色列和美國的幫助下,用20年時間建立起較為完善的「千里眼」系列遙感衛星、「阿里郎」KOMPSAT系列多用途衛星體系。

韓國首枚火箭失敗後,狂言未來要超越中國,請求俄羅斯伸出援手

同時為了配合韓國的航天科技發展規劃,在金泳三政府的強烈建議下,美國最終在1997年至1998年,逐漸放鬆了對韓國發展彈道飛彈和運載火箭技術的限制,射程限制也逐步放鬆到現在的水平。這一階段,韓國的衛星技術和應用得到極大發展,在2005年之後的韓國航天規劃中,韓國已經計劃在2040年將自己打造成世界第四航天大國,甚至計劃發射韓國空間站、探月衛星、火星探測、小行星採樣返回和載人宇航飛船等等。

分析人士表示,韓國人甚至規劃在2040年前發射的KSLV-IV號火箭,其近地軌道發射能力達到60噸以上,而地球同步軌道發射能力達到14噸以上,這個性能比目前我國任何一種火箭都強悍,還可以向月球發射簡易版載人登月飛船,當然這些「讓人驚掉下巴的冒進」目前還在韓國人的PPT上。與自己不切實際的狂妄趕超計劃相比,技術上韓國人就有點尷尬了,只能用「好高騖遠思密達」來形容,韓國人原本希望從俄羅斯和烏克蘭買一些現成的先進液體火箭發動機技術,結果沒學會俄國人就不教了,目前韓國正在發展的KSLV-II號火箭計劃在2022年5月前後再進行一次發射,但由於韓國在運載火箭的關鍵技術仍然還在艱難攻關,長期處於「有星無力射」的局面將在所難免。

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