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壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋
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二戰之後,蘇聯領導人認為航母在飛彈面前,就是移動的棺材,美國則認為戰略轟炸機和核彈的王炸組合,能夠所向披靡,所以海軍的重要性一度遭受了顛覆性的質疑。但是韓戰和古巴飛彈危機之後,美國和蘇聯對航空母艦這種大傢伙又重拾信心。後來蘇聯倒在了強大海軍的門檻上,而美國海軍則稱霸全球超過半個世紀。

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

隨著時間的推移,美國海軍也遭遇了越來越多的挑戰,比如北極的核潛艇、東方的反艦彈道飛彈。在越來越大的壓力面前,美國海軍也開始緩慢調整自己的戰略。比如把自己最先進的三艘海狼級攻擊型核潛艇從東海岸調到西海岸,從而應對崛起的更加強大的對手。那麼海狼級的性能究竟有多逆天呢?

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

全球最強攻擊型核潛艇是誰?

海狼級攻擊型核潛艇雖然誕生於冷戰時期,但是她卻是全球範圍內藏得最隱蔽、跑的最快、揍人最疼的核潛艇,因此她仍是美國海軍,乃至全球範圍內性能最先進的攻擊型核潛艇。那麼你認為海狼級和俄羅斯海軍的亞森級攻擊型核潛艇誰更強呢?

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

藏得隱蔽

海狼級核潛艇之所以藏得最隱蔽,是因為美國海軍對這款核潛艇的靜音設計可以說是做到了極致,軍師也一直認為靜音性是核潛艇最厲害的武器。首先海狼級使用自循環比例達到30%的S6W型壓水式核反應堆,這種反應堆的好處就是自循環比例高,從而降低了對核反應堆頂部的主循環泵的依賴。主循環泵的作用就是加快核反應堆內部的重水和外部普通水的循環速率,從而提高熱交換速率,以此來換取更高功率的輸出。不過主循環泵產生的噪音卻占據潛艇噪音的30%-50%,所以海狼級算是從根本上降低了噪音;

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

其次,海狼級所有的機械傳動裝置都安裝在減震浮筏上,而且海狼級還使用了26個噪音振動監測器,以便實時監測潛艇內部的噪音從而及時修正;最後海狼級的噴水推進器避免了螺旋槳轉動時產生的空泡現象,使噪音水平進一步降低;

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

最後,海狼級使用的消音瓦被嚴絲合縫地貼在了潛艇的外表面,所以潛艇表面極其光滑,這樣既減小了噪音也提高了速度。海狼級憑藉使用的高強度鋼板,能夠下潛到610米的深海,這也鑄就了這款核潛艇藏得好的特質。所以9000噸級的海狼級核潛艇是目前世界上噪音水平最低的核潛艇。雖然亞森級也號稱靜音性極佳,不過13800噸的體量註定了其在前進時產生的噪音會比海狼級更大。

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

跑得快

據悉海狼級的靜音航速為20節,極速35節,所以軍師認為這是現役核潛艇中最快的攻擊型核潛艇,跑的快的特質既能讓海狼級迅速進入戰場,也能在攻擊之後快速脫離,所以別人追也不好追。雖然亞森級核潛艇公布的最快速度可以達到35節以上,但是亞森級在試航時出現過動力不足的情況,而且噸位也比海狼級更大,所以軍師認為亞森級使用35節的高速行進時,或許會比較吃力。你認為呢?

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

揍人賊疼

海狼級第三個特點就是揍人特別疼,海狼級最初的設計目的就是在深海中獵殺蘇聯海軍的彈道飛彈核潛艇以及阿庫拉級攻擊型核潛艇,所以不僅靜音性做到了最佳,連攜帶的武器也特別具有針對性。其能攜帶50枚MK48重型魚雷或者搭載了核彈頭的戰斧巡航飛彈,當然這二者也能進行混裝。戰斧巡航飛彈射程超過2000公里,如果在海岸線2000公里處發射這種飛行高度特別低的飛彈,那麼最有價值的目標將會在不知不覺中或者手忙腳亂的狀態下被消滅。MK48重型魚雷長5.8米、直徑533毫米,攜帶了一枚300公斤左右的彈頭。而且作用的介質是海水,所以基本上一枚魚雷就能幹翻一艘潛艇。2008年7月25日,在環太平洋演習中,澳大利亞的柯林斯級潛艇(HMAS Waller)發射的MK 48魚雷,擊沉了作為靶艦的8000噸級的驅逐艦,顯示了Mk-48重型魚雷的威力,一枚即可擊沉一艘大型驅逐艦。那麼這款核潛艇對航母編隊有多大的威脅呢?

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

一艘幹掉一直航母編隊?

美國海軍的航母編隊在最多編制的情況下,一般包含一艘航母、兩艘飛彈巡洋艦(9800噸)、四艘飛彈驅逐艦(9800噸)、三艘攻擊型核潛艇(9000噸)以及2艘補給艦,即便兩枚魚雷幹掉一艘戰艦,海狼級最終也能留出25枚MK48重型魚雷來對付航母。由此可見海狼級對航母編隊的威脅性有多大。而且當航母的護航戰艦都沉沒以後,航母就已經變得岌岌可危了。那麼讓美國海軍調整3艘海狼級核潛艇部署地點的壓力究竟來自於何處呢?

壓力驟升!美海軍改變策略,3艘頂級核潛艇封鎖航母進入太平洋

美軍悄悄改變策略?

美國海軍的軍事基地遍布全球,並且包圍著各個對手,比如島鏈。不過隨著21D和26號反艦彈道飛彈快遞的出現,這些島鏈已經名存實亡了,而且自由航行的航母編隊,也不能肆意妄為了。雖然壓力驟升,但是美國海軍並不想輕易放棄霸主的地位,所以為了限制對手的海軍隨意進出太平洋,美國海軍將3艘海狼級攻擊型核潛艇從東海岸調到了西海岸部署,足見對對手的忌憚以及對自己的無奈,或許這也反映出美國海軍未來的策略。不過常在河邊走就不會不濕鞋。核潛艇在海底航行時,一般很少打開主動聲吶,而是利用海圖和被動聲吶來航行和探測有無移動物體接近,所以一旦遇到海圖上並未標明的固定不動的海底不明物體時,也會一頭撞上去,即使是海狼級也不例外。所以一旦一艘核潛艇自己撞上了什麼不明物體,不一定是這艘潛艇的聲吶不行,也有可能是海圖需要更新了。反潛作戰一直是各國海軍公認的世界性難題,因為各國的反潛力量並不十分突出,這其中也包括我們,所以我們更應該著重培養反潛作戰能力,你認為呢?

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