Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property AAL_Main::$notifications is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/aryo-activity-log/aryo-activity-log.php on line 103

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property AAL_Main::$export is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/aryo-activity-log/aryo-activity-log.php on line 104

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetExists($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 309

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetGet($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 317

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetSet($k, $v) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 301

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetUnset($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 313

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 328

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 339

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 350

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 362

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 375

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 389

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Mongoose_Page_Plugin::$settings_page_url is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/facebook-page-feed-graph-api/inc/class-mongoose-page-plugin.php on line 228

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$settings_api is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 128

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$functions is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 139

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$update is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 140

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$settings is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 141

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$admin is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 142

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$query is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 143

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$cron is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 144

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$counter is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 145

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$columns is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 146

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$crawler_detect is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 147

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$frontend is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 148

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$dashboard is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 149

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$widgets is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 150
連個無人機都造不好,義大利這家百年航空企業要涼? – 有海水的地方就有中國人

連個無人機都造不好,義大利這家百年航空企業要涼?

連個無人機都造不好,義大利這家百年航空企業要涼?
2,133

近日,義大利國防部宣布將斥資1.71億歐元(1.98億美元)購買6架比亞喬航空航天公司的P.180「阿凡提」(Avanti)渦輪螺旋槳飛機,以及飛行模擬器和發動機維護服務。這些新機將與義大利軍隊現役P.180機隊一併擔負起要員運輸、戰場偵察監視、海岸巡邏等任務。

不論是義大利軍方本身,還是這筆只是不到2億美元的訂單合同,亦或比亞喬的P.180這型渦槳飛機,單單一個元素都算不上什麼值得關注的國際航空新聞。但是當三者組合在一起,背後的新聞故事就值得我們寫上這期「熱點」了。

也是家百年老店、義大利民族企業了

首先來說比亞喬航空航天公司這家義大利民族企業、百年老店,這裡的「比亞喬」Piaggio不單是與國際知名摩托車廠商比亞喬重名,而且它們的前身都是1884年成立的里納爾多·比亞喬(Rinaldo Piaggio)SpA。當然,這種淵源在航空製造企業、汽車企業等領域頗為多見,比如瑞典的薩博、英國發動機巨頭羅爾斯·羅伊斯(車企里的勞斯萊斯)等。

所以,比亞喬稱得上世界上最古老的飛機製造商之一,它的最初業務是鐵路基礎設施、機車製造等,而後在飛行時代到來時,開始於1915年生產出了第一架飛機。至此,比亞喬在航空領域的「香火」延續至今,比如後來出產的P.136水上飛機、P.149教練機和P.166通用運輸機等,包括60年代其航空業務進一步拓展到噴氣發動機製造。

比亞喬的P.166通用運輸機,推進式螺旋槳,稍顯不一樣,這種構型也延續過渡到了P.180身上。

也是在60年代,比亞喬的航空部門與摩托車部門開始獨立成兩家公司,前者就是今日新聞里的比亞喬航空航天(分拆之後先被命名為比亞喬宇航,後又更名為比亞喬航空航天),而後者則繼續在摩托車領域風生水起,比如旗下經典品牌「維斯帕」Vespa(義大利語中的「黃蜂」),這款1946年出廠的踏板摩托車在1953年熒幕經典《羅馬假日》中出鏡,而後也成為近百部電影中的經典道具,早在半世紀前達成了400萬輛的銷量成就。

奧黛麗·赫本與格利高里·派克在羅馬街頭的為Vespa代言,短短几分鐘的鏡頭,上映後當年年至少「帶貨」10萬輛銷量。

但兩相一比,分拆出於的比亞喬宇航(Piaggio Aero)發展亮點不多,雖然在80年代推出了新一代公務機P.180「阿凡提」,但轉眼90年代末,受到經濟大蕭條、公務機市場低迷等因素的直接影響,比亞喬宇航就一直在破產邊緣徘徊,「金主」股東多次變更,而近期的控股方便是2014年阿聯的一家戰略投資公司。

百年航企,連架無人機都造不好了嗎?

當時,有了「中東油霸」的撐腰、更名為比亞喬航空航天(Piaggio Aerospace)似乎迎來了事業的上升期。其中的大動作便是轉型,不再在公務機市場掙扎,轉而在P.180的基礎上開發長航時無人機P.1HH「錘頭」(Hammerhead)。特別是在2016年3月,阿聯就先站出來表示,將以3.16億歐元購買8架P.1HH無人機。但同年5月31日,比亞喬的P.1HH無人原型機就在試飛中因飛控系統的問題墜毀在西西里島附近海域。

比亞喬在P.180基礎上改出的P.1HH無人機在性能指標上在當時的歐洲稱得上是一流。

第二年,P.1HH無人機試飛工作得以恢復,一切似乎向好,並預計在2018年底前向阿聯交付首架機。特別是到了2018年時,義大利國防部表示將斥資7.66億歐元(9.51億美元)採購20架更大型的P.2HH無人機。但這一切「風雲突變」,這一年裡比亞喬航空航天再次迎來了百年曆程中的又一次破產、接管並破產重組失敗。

意政府7億歐元訂單,能救活百年老店嗎?

就這樣,這家有著130年歷史的義大利老牌企業,從2018年到今天一直都在等待新金主的接手。也是在近期新聞中,據稱來自義大利-瑞典投資者已基本達成對比亞喬航空航天的收購,並宣稱將在未來轉型電動飛機。有理由相信是為了與即將達成的收購相呼應,義大利軍方在近期宣布了這筆1.71億歐元(1.98億美元)6架P.180的合同。至此義大利政府雖然鴿了「錘頭」無人機的採購,但還是先後以7億多歐元的訂單兌現了此前對這家民族企業「扭虧為盈」的承諾。

在近期這筆6架P.180訂單之前,義大利軍方已與比亞喬達成了5.4億的歐元合同,涵蓋義大利陸軍CH-47運輸直升機和A129「貓鼬」武裝直升機的發動機維護服務,以及對現役P.180的升級改進。只是,象徵著這家義大利百年老店在新世紀竭力轉型的「錘頭」無人機已被各方視而不見,隨著新控股方的到來,「錘頭」這款無人機多舛的命運已基本完結。

百年老店的招牌守不住,也是常態

以更廣闊的全球航空製造產業鏈視角來看,比亞喬這家130多年老店陷入如今這般生存危機,似乎又是大勢所趨下的必然。這一方面自是公務機市場早已是競爭激烈的紅海(更何況眼下全球經濟狀況與疫情時代背景下),比亞喬80年代後葉設計的P.180早已算不上市場上的明星機型,也不是潛在客戶心中的熱門選購機型。即便,以今日的眼光來看,P.180的設計依舊獨樹一幟,很「義大利」。

盤點那些誕生於19世紀的航空製造企業,它們在百年浮沉中的命運多是消失,一次次併購後匯聚成今日的行業巨頭,而即便尚能獨撐到2021年,它們的業務線上也基本都選擇了戰略收縮,專精於某個細分領域,成為航空製造「造飛機」這個超長產業鏈中的供應商之一。

從項目進度上來看,比亞喬的「錘頭」無人機項目還是比較接近成功的(乃至此前航展亮相時都已刷上了軍徽),但可能它不會有入役裝備的那一天了。

至於像比亞喬這般近幾十年都在以P.180獨撐門面的「老店」,所面臨的生存困境便是資金不足、幾次破產重組後的幾易「金主」,以及產品上的「獨苗」,在後續的轉型(開發無人機項目)上一次失利就可能徹底斷送企業的未來。即便,今天義大利政府如約站了出來,救下了這個「民族企業」,但在這種行業大勢面前,留給比亞喬做生存與毀滅抉擇、賭電動飛機風口的時間已不多了。

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You cannot copy content of this page

error: Content is protected !!
%d bloggers like this: