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盤點F-22隱形戰機的機載武器,沒有大家想的那麼多,比F-35差遠了 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

盤點F-22隱形戰機的機載武器,沒有大家想的那麼多,比F-35差遠了

盤點F-22隱形戰機的機載武器,沒有大家想的那麼多,比F-35差遠了
2,911

说到美国空军F-22隐形战斗机,大家应该比较熟悉。今天与大家隐隐F-22战机的一些知识。众所周知,F-22隐形战斗机是上世纪90年代初美国空军高级战术战斗机(ATF)计划的获胜者,其主要承包商是美国洛马公司,另外波音公司也承接了一些机体和电子设备的制造。F-22隐形战斗机原型机于1997年9月7日首飞成功,前前后后一共制造了8架原型机用于试飞测试。注意作为世界上第一款五代机,美国洛马公司8架原型机还是比较科学的。我们的歼-20隐形战斗机也差不多这个数。但是俄罗斯苏-57战斗机的原型机,数量要比这个多一些。

关于F-22战机的性能,主要有4个方面,分别是隐形,超机动性,超音速巡航和超视距攻击。也就是所谓的4S性能。F-22隐形战斗机量产型于2005年12月15日正式服役,美国空军累计接收了187架量产型,然而由于事故原因,目前实际服役的数量大约183架。下面来重点聊聊F-22隐形战斗机的机载武器。

F-22隐形战斗机作为隐形战斗机一共有3个弹舱,其中一个机腹主弹舱,两个侧面副弹舱。副弹舱的机载武器一般是AIM-9L近距空空导弹,这是美制战机的一款经典武器。另外F-22隐形战斗机还有一门M61A2火神机炮,备弹480发。作为一款6管20mm机炮,可以看到F-22战机的持续火力还是不错的。

为了提升战机的作战性能,近几年,美国空军为F-22隐形战斗机,配备了AIM-9X近距空空导弹。AIM-9X是世界第四代近距空空导弹,其机动性和抗干扰能力都非常不错。但是这里有一个问题,隐形战斗机的近距空空导弹在发射时,需要打开副弹舱的舱门,把导弹伸出来,让导弹的导引头先锁定目标。这个时候,F-22隐形战斗机的机动性会非常差。

F-22隐形战斗机的主弹舱最多可以挂载6枚AIM-120C中距空空导弹,从图片中可以看到弹舱内部的细节 。通常战机的内置式弹舱都是对外保密的,这一点可以看到美国军方还是非常自信的。对于需要研制隐形战斗机的国家,这样的细节还是有一定参考意义的。图片右侧可以看到F-22隐形战斗机弹舱内有3个挂架,这个挂架就是挂载AIM-120的,在对空情况下,主弹舱最多可以挂载6枚AIM-120C中距空空导弹。

图片可以看到F-22隐形战斗机发射AIM-120C的瞬间。发射中距空空导弹时,弹舱内的挂架会快速将导弹弹射出来,然而导弹再自主点火。第三代战斗机的弹舱,一般采用滑轨的方式。这一点还是有明显区别的。

图片为F-22隐形战斗机主弹舱内部的GBU-32 JDAM,这款武器重约500公斤,F-22隐形战斗机的主弹舱最多可以挂载2枚这样的JDAM。相比于F-35隐形战斗机,F-22隐形战斗机的弹舱空间要小很多,前者弹舱内部可以挂载1000公斤级的JDAM。

图片为美国空军的机务为F-22隐形战斗机挂载GBU-32 JDAMR 的镜头,可以看到他们借助的挂弹车,用以提高战机的作战效率。

除了GBU-32外,F-22隐形战斗机还可以挂载更为先进的JDAM 那就是体型更小的GBU-39,这是一型125公斤级的小直径炸弹,据称F-22隐形战斗机利用复合挂架,最多可以携带8枚GBU-39 小直径炸弹。

图片为GBU-39打开弹舱,我们可以看到一侧弹舱内部有4枚GBU-39小直径炸弹。

图片为F-22隐形战斗机投射GBU-39小直径炸弹,根据资料介绍,GBU-39的攻击精度,滑翔距离,钻地能力都非常不错。对于中小国家,这样的武器非常有效。

综上所述,作为世界上第一款五代机,F-22隐形战斗机使用的空空导弹主要有三种,分别是AIM-9近距空空导弹和AIM-120先进中距空空导弹,另外还有一门机炮。

对地攻击武器种类也不多,分别是GBU-32 JDAM和 GBU-39小直径炸弹。相比于后来的F-35战机,F-22隐形战机的机载武器,没有大家想的那么多,特别是对地攻击武器,不管是种类还是载弹量,比F-35差远了。这就导致F-22战机的任务多样性要差很多……

近日有媒体报道,美国空军F-22战机的任务出动率不高,加上维护成本高,每飞行小时成本高达35000美元,作战任务较为单一。美国空军计划从2030年开始,陆续淘汰这些战机。或许这就是F-22战机的宿命。

关于F-22战机的优点不少,例如机动性,然而关于F-22隐形战斗机的短板也有很多,例如航程较短。这个世界本来就没有完美的东西。

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