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美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役
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放眼全球,如今美國空軍的轟炸機梯隊不僅數量最多,而且性能也是最先進的,但是他們仍在不遺餘力地開發全新的隱身轟炸機,未來該國轟炸機的性能將繼續上一個大的台階。

值得一提的是,F117作為全球第一款服役並參加實戰的隱身戰鬥轟炸機,在上個世紀80年代就進入服役,先後參與了入侵巴拿馬行動、海灣戰爭、科索沃戰爭、伊拉克戰爭,實戰經驗非常豐富,雖然F117在科索沃戰爭中折戟沙場,卻意外被南聯盟發射的一枚薩姆-3防空飛彈擊落,讓隱身戰鬥轟炸機的神話破滅,但美軍卻為日後隱身戰機以及隱身轟炸機的設計積累了豐富的經驗。

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役

有了F117隱身戰鬥轟炸機的設計使用以及實戰經驗,美軍對隱身性的痴迷程度非同一般,先後設計服役了F22、F35隱身戰鬥機,以及B-2隱身轟炸機,而且正在研發B-21隱身轟炸機,如果算上未來即將服役的B21轟炸機,美軍現役轟炸機的型號將多達四個。

它們分別是B-52轟炸機、B-1B槍騎兵轟炸機(具備低可偵測性和超音速突防功能)、B-2隱身轟炸機,以及正在研發的B-21隱身轟炸機,可以看得出來,美國轟炸機未來發展的方向就是隱身化。

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役

就在近日,美國空軍負責計劃和項目的副參謀長大衛·納霍姆中將表示,美軍無法同時維持服役四款轟炸機,美國空軍將引入新一代B-21並對現有B-52進行現代化升級改造,同時加快退役剩餘的兩款轟炸機,讓B1和B2早日進入「飛機墳場」。這已經是美國能夠做出的最優的選擇。

也許會有很多人不解,為什麼美國要選擇繼續留用B52這款老舊的轟炸機,而且不遺餘力地為其進行現代化改裝,但對於更加先進的B1B和B2轟炸機視而不見,反而要加速退役呢?其實這麼做,有美國的理由。首先,還是因為資金的問題。因為B52轟炸機上世紀50年代就已經正式服役,經過漫長的發展,它已經進行了無數次的現代化改裝,而最新的型號也已經到了B52H系列。

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役

但是因為其載彈量大和航程遠的優勢,再加上性價比極高,雖然隱身性能不足,但是應對美軍高負荷的作戰巡航任務遊刃有餘,比如日常掛著核彈搞核威懾全球巡航,以及在掌握了絕對制空權的情況對轟炸點進行地毯式轟炸,在這些場景中,B-52以低廉的維護和飛行成本要比B-1B和B-2更加具有優勢,其最高擁有16000公里的航程,以及最大220噸的起飛重量,海量的武器彈藥攜帶量,B-52 顯然是一個巨無霸的存在。

也讓它得到了美國的青睞。通過多次的延壽計劃,美國計劃讓「這位老將」服役到本世紀中期,屆時它將成為世界上服役時間最久的軍用飛機,而且經過改裝後的B-52還是美國轟炸機型號中,唯一可以發射巡航飛彈的。

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役

而剩餘的兩款200噸級別的轟炸機卻沒有這樣的幸運了。當初B1B轟炸機完全是為了對抗蘇聯而量身打造的,目的就是為了在發生戰爭時通過低空突防來撕破蘇聯的防空網絡進行打擊,核武器是它的主要進攻武器。

但是隨著美軍沒了強大的對手,加上防空武器系統高速發展的今天,擅長低空突防的B1B槍騎兵顯得十分的另類,高空中逃不過防空飛彈的追殺,低空中更是因為不具備隱身性而無處可藏,所謂的低空突防也變得不再現實,而且可變後掠翼的設計讓它的使用成本和維護成本居高不下,某種程度上,性價比甚至不如B-52,所以它的退役也就成為了必然。

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役

目前,計劃退役的17架B-1B戰略轟炸機中,第一架已經飛往亞利桑那州的戴維斯-蒙森空軍基地「墳場」,下階段B-1B機隊將縮減至45架,而且未來隨著美軍新款轟炸機的服役,剩餘的該系列轟炸機也將全部退役,可以想像的是,可變後掠翼的轟炸機以後可能會在美國現役轟炸機中徹底消失,說到可變後掠翼設計,就不得不提俄羅斯現役的「白天鵝」圖160轟炸機了,它仍是俄羅斯目前最強、最大、載彈量最高的轟炸機,俄羅斯不僅沒有退役,反而還在建立生產線,量產最新型號的圖-160。

而B2轟炸機是美軍跨時代的產物,它是當今世界上首款,也是唯一一款隱身轟炸機,科幻的造型和美軍長期的保密,讓外界一度以為它是外星人的作品。當然,這款先進的隱身轟炸機也有著致命的缺點,還是和錢有關係。因為建造數量削減,B2轟炸機的實際生產數量只有21架,算上分攤的研發成本,每架轟炸機的造價達到了21億美元,是史上最貴的飛行器,可是由於生產線關閉,B-2轟炸機已經處於墜毀一架少一架的尷尬境地,所以研發新型轟炸機也迫在眉睫。

美軍中將坦言養不起!4款轟炸機不能同時服役,B-2也面臨退役

不僅如此,它的日常維護十分的複雜而且又極其昂貴,飛行成本也高得離譜,這也讓美軍十分的頭疼。所以只能忍痛割愛,選擇將它退役,但是美軍並沒有給出具體的退役節點。目前美軍正在製造原型機的B21也完全就是它的升級替代產品,航電等系統更加先進,但是無論是載彈量和航程都有所減少,美軍也是希望能夠通過減少成本,來達到批量裝備的結果,未來它的生產數量將會達到100架以上。

隨著美軍逐步捨棄B1B和B2兩款轟炸機,未來美軍現役轟炸機只會剩下老當益壯的B52和更加先進的B21。

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