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巴鐵采購36架殲-10,對抗印度36架陣風戰機,輸贏已有定局 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

巴鐵采購36架殲-10,對抗印度36架陣風戰機,輸贏已有定局

巴鐵采購36架殲-10,對抗印度36架陣風戰機,輸贏已有定局
7,994

据美国《防务世界》7月6日报道,巴基斯坦已经与中国敲定了36架歼-10C战机的采购协议,这批战机将于2021年年底交付。巴基斯坦采购歼-10C战机的消息由来已久,如果此次消息属实,将会是歼-10战机的首次出口,拥有非常重要的意义。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

报道截图

巴基斯坦之所以在这个时候采购歼-10C战机,是经过综合考量的。前期之所以一直犹豫不决,一是因为巴基斯坦空军的“枭龙”以及F-16战机在与印度空军对抗中并不处于下风,二是因为歼-10C战机采购成本是“枭龙”战机的数倍,这对军费本就不充足的巴基斯坦来说压力太大。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

巴基斯坦枭龙战机

巴基斯坦一反常态,决定采购歼-10战机,很大程度上是由于印度从法国引进了先进的“阵风”战机。2016年,印度与法国签订了引进36架阵风战机的采购协议,合同总金额高达88亿美元,单机采购成本更是达到了破天荒的2.4亿美元,成为世界军贸史上最为昂贵的战斗机。今年的6月份,巴基斯坦空军派出了“枭龙”战机参加了在土耳其举行的“安纳托利亚之鹰”空军联合演习,在演习中“枭龙”战机在对阵卡塔尔空军的“阵风”战机之时完全处于下风,这极大地刺激了巴基斯坦空军。印度空军装备的“阵风”战机与卡塔尔属于同一型号,此次演习暴露了巴基斯坦空军战机无力应对印度“阵风”战机的尴尬局面,这加速了歼-10C战机的采购进程。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

印度空军阵风战机

从采购的数量来看,巴基斯坦采购的歼-10C战机的数量为36架,与印度“阵风”战机的数量一致,这也说明了巴基斯坦对“阵风”战机的重视程度。然而,歼-10C是否拥有对抗“阵风”战机的实力呢?

“阵风”战机是法国达索公司研制的一款先进的海空通用型中型战机,机长15.3米,机高5.34米,翼展10.9米,机翼面积46㎡,空重9.6吨,最大起飞重量21.5吨,最大载弹量9吨,最大平飞速度1.8马赫,最大作战半径1800千米(远距截击),最大航程可达3700千米。“阵风”战机采用了三角翼配合近耦合前翼,具备优秀的机动性能,最新型号的F3型配备了RBE2 AESA雷达,对典型空中目标(5㎡)的探测距离为160千米,可以同时追踪数十个目标并打击其中的4个目标。在机载武器方面,“阵风”战机可以挂载米卡空空导弹、流星空空导弹、“风暴阴影”巡航导弹、GUB或者AASM精确制导炸弹、飞鱼反舰导弹、ASMP-A空射核巡航导弹等多种武器系统,综合作战性能极为强悍。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

阵风战机可挂载的武器展示

歼-10C战机是我国歼-10家族的最新改进型号,加装了先进的有源相控阵雷达以及新型光电系统,加强了火控计算机、电子设备以及电子战系统,换装了推力更大的“太行”发动机,可以搭载霹雳-15以及霹雳-10E空空导弹,整体性能有了较大提升,与“阵风”战机具有可比性。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

歼-10C战机

歼-10C与阵风战机空战性能对比

衡量战机空战性能的指标有很多,抛开作战体系而言,单机的机动性、雷达性能、空空导弹性能、隐身性能是关键性的指标。

1.雷达性能歼-10C优于阵风战机

近年来,我国在火控雷达领域进步明显,在机载雷达领域已处于世界先进水平。早在珠海航展上,中国电科14所就曾展出了一款出口用KLJ-7A机载有源相控阵雷达,该雷达综合性能与F-35战机搭载的AN/APG-81雷达相当,而自用版本肯定是要优于出口版本,所以可以认定,歼-10C所搭载的新型有源相控阵雷达性能达到或者超过AN/APG-81雷达技术水准,对典型目标的空空探测距离超过了240公里,可以同时追踪数十个空中目标,并对6个空中目标进行打击。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

航展上展示的出口用三面阵机载雷达和机相扫机载雷达

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

歼-10C与阵风战机机头大小直观对比

由于“阵风”战机的机头尺寸只有500mm,在雷达直径方面处于劣势,为其专门研发的RBE2 AESA雷达的GaAs制T/R组件只有可怜的836个,远低于歼-10C的1400个,最大探测距离只有160千米,在探测距离、多用途性能、抗干扰性等方面能都不及歼-10C的火控雷达。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

阵风战机RBE2 AESA雷达

2.空空导弹性能歼-10C略占优势

歼-10C配备的空空导弹包括PL-15远程空空导弹、PL-12中程空空导弹以及PL-10E近距格斗导弹,其中PL-15空空导弹采用固体双脉冲发动机,它最大特点就是在飞行过程之中能够多次点火,飞行包线更广,最大发射距离可达200公里以上,优于欧洲的流星空空导弹。PL-12空空导弹是我国现役主战中程空空导弹,最大射程70千米,优于阵风战机装备的米卡空空导弹。PL-10E红外格斗弹的离轴发射角可达180度,可以与新一代的头盔瞄准系统配合使用,只要敌机在前半球视野内,即可锁定并发射,最大过载为60G,最大射程30公里,各项性能优于美国的AIM-9X近程格斗导弹。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

挂载PL-10E和PL-15的歼-10C

阵风战机空战武器包括“流星”超远程空对空导弹、“魔术”2红外近距格斗导弹、“米卡”中程空空导弹、RBE2-PESA-麦卡空空导弹、AIM-120AMRAAM主动雷达制导视距外空对空导弹。其中流星空空导弹采用固体冲压发动机,最大速度可达4马赫,最大射程可达150公里,是一款非常优异的远程空空导弹。另外阵风战机挂载的中程及近距格斗导弹的整体性能不及歼-10C挂载的PL-12、PL-10E导弹。在空战武器领域,歼-10C比“阵风”战机更具优势。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

挂载流星导弹的阵风战机

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

流星空空导弹气动布局图

3.隐身性能歼-10C略占优势

对于阵风以及歼-10C这两款三代半战机而言,都属于非隐身战机。不过得益于歼-20的隐身技术,歼-10C在机身蒙皮连接处及座舱盖都涂有先进的隐身涂料,可以让雷达波能够最大限度地穿透机身,减少雷达波的反射。除此之外,歼-10C采用DSI进气道,提高了进气道的隐身性能。据悉,歼-10C战机的迎头RCS数值下降到了0.6㎡,已经是一款准隐身战机。阵风战机在机身细节上也做了不少隐身的设计,其迎头RCS数值相比于传统的三代机有了大幅度的下降。据悉,阵风战机的迎头RCS最低值为1.2㎡,高于歼-10C的0.6㎡。综合来看,歼-10C战机的隐身性能比“阵风”战机略占优势。

巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

阵风战机与歼-10C正面对比图

4.机动性各有千秋

现代空战,讲究的是超视距空战,近距“狗斗”的几率很小。“阵风”战机采用两台M88-2型中推发动机,配合三角翼配合近耦合前翼,在亚音速机动性能上比歼-10C战机更具优势。歼-10C战机采用了一台WS-10B大推力发动机,配合近距耦合鸭翼+DSI进气道,具有优异的亚超音速性能,在高速机动能力上优于“阵风”战机。

综合来看,抛弃体系而言,歼-10C战机在面对“阵风”战机时可以做到先敌发现、先敌开火,具备了很大的优势。巴基斯坦空军一次采购36架歼-10C战机完全可以应对印度的“阵风”战机,可以说这一局巴铁是稳赢了。相较于单机成本超过2亿美元的印度“阵风”战机,巴基斯坦的歼-10C采购成本不会超过5000万美元,巴基斯坦用低廉的价格获得了更高的战力,可谓是明智之举。


巴铁采购36架歼-10,对抗印度36架阵风战机,输赢已有定局

阵风战机满挂状态

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