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目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用
2,605

日前,美國空軍最新消息指出,原本用於副總統專機的「空軍二號」機群換代費用被挪用,投入到超音速客機的研發上,這意味著美空軍行政要員專機將發生翻天覆地的變化。現役的「空軍二號」是在波音757-200客機的基礎上改裝而來的C-32A要員專機,外觀與「空軍一號」較為相似,只是機型不一樣。

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

C-32A機群於1998年投入使用,由位於馬里蘭州安德魯斯聯合基地的第89空運聯隊負責日常維護和運行。根據美空軍的計劃,C-32A原本要在未來數年內更換為更大的機型,與美空軍的E-4B空中指揮機和美海軍的E-6B 指揮機實現同平台。即三種機型共用一種機身,只是內部的結構、設備和用途不同。

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

不過,美國空軍和海軍顯然還有更雄心勃勃的計劃,以至於雙方分道揚鑣。美國空軍推進著自己的E-4B替代機型,而海軍則希望E-6B平台被C-130J運輸機的變體取代。

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

經過這次分道揚鑣之後,C-32A要員專機換代計劃同樣沒有了下文,美空軍只能對其進行升級,比如增強了駕駛艙航空電子設備、主被動防禦設備、通信系統等,勉強繼續使用。從1998年服役至今,也用了20多年了,原計劃在2020年之後換代的設想無法實現,或將 被使用到2040年後。

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

副總統專機的換代費用被挪用,用於發展超音速客機,這顯然說明美空軍對超音速客機有著極大的興趣。目前世界上沒有運行中的超音速客機,冷戰時期誕生的協和式超音速客機,早在2003年就已經全部停用。
美空軍為何要打造超音速要員專機呢,其實目的並不單純?主要原因大概有三點:第一,超音速客機目前還處於空白狀態,如果能納入軍用標準,未來可能誕生超音速偵察機、超音速預警機、電子干擾機等,能夠快速抵達作戰空域,有較高的戰術價值;

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

第二,超音速要員專機如果能夠實現,可與F-22一起進行超音速巡航,可配合五代機進行戰術機動,在護航領域有較大的變革;
第三,超音速要員專機飛行速度更快,那麼逃跑速度也更快,幾乎可達到現在客機的2倍以上,時間縮短一半,戰術意義明顯。

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

不過,美軍似乎也打錯了算盤,超音速輔助類戰機的速度再快,也快不過飛彈。在五代機普遍具備超音速巡航的背景下,要攔截這類要員專機也並不難,俄羅斯的R-77空空飛彈飛行速度在3至4馬赫,不僅能夠迎頭痛擊此類超音速飛機,還能實現追擊,性能更先進的中國PL-15飛彈就更不用說了。

目的不單純!美軍研發新型超音速飛機,不惜挪用副總統專機的費用

超音速要員專機需要的技術積累周期非常漫長,美國宇航局研發了十多年,還處於研究階段,最大的問題在於超音速飛行對地面產生的音爆如何抑制。去年,美國空軍與三家從事高速行政運輸的航空器企業簽署了合同,第一架原型機最快也需要到2030年之後才能問世,算上試飛周期,在2040年前正式服役已算神速了。一旦項目延遲,C-32A要員專機飛到50歲機齡都有可能。

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