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新冠有望被消滅?新研究發現冠狀病毒致命弱點 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

新冠有望被消滅?新研究發現冠狀病毒致命弱點

新冠有望被消滅?新研究發現冠狀病毒致命弱點
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 导语:科学家找到了包括新冠病毒在内的冠状病毒的“致命弱点”。

  某些病毒,如冠状病毒和HIV,依赖“移码”调节病毒蛋白的水平。例如,新冠病毒严重依赖其RNA折叠引起的“移码”来合成蛋白。因此,由于“移码”对于病毒是必不可少的。近期在线发表在《科学》(Science)上的一项研究认为,这种移码机制可能为对抗新冠感染提供一个良好靶标。

  

  冠状病毒穗状(S)蛋白(红色)与人类细胞上的血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)受体(蓝色)结合的分子模型。S蛋白存在于病毒外壳上,它们与宿主细胞膜上的受体结合,帮助病毒进入细胞。一旦进入细胞,病毒就会利用细胞的机制来制造更多的自身副本。SARS(严重急性呼吸系统综合征)病毒和新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2都是这种受体结合形式。clinical omics

  所有冠状病毒均使用程序化的移码过程,这是生产病毒RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶以及生产病毒在其宿主中存活所需的蛋白质所必需的。然而,在正常的哺乳动物蛋白质翻译过程中,移码现象非常罕见,如果发生移码,会因蛋白质生产功能失调而导致严重健康问题。

  出于这个原因,来自瑞士苏黎世理工大学、伯尔尼大学、洛桑大学和来自爱尔兰的科克大学组成的一支研究团队认为,未来有望促进通过干扰“移码”过程而抑制病毒复制的药物的开发。

  

  DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3546

  研究小组使用高质量的冷冻电子显微镜,以前所未有的细节捕捉了哺乳动物对新冠病毒RNA的翻译过程。他们发现,该病毒使用一种假结,停留在核糖体mRNA通道的入口处,能够在核糖体中产生张力,并促进移码,以翻译病毒RNA。他们还观察到,新生的病毒蛋白似乎与核糖体结构有相当特别的互动。

  

  SARS-CoV-2假结与核糖体相互作用,并在光滑部位的上游暂停翻译

  作者指出,当核糖体接近滑移位点时,假结作为一种障碍物可以减缓翻译速度。“由于假结是mRNA中的稳定结构元件,它会抵抗解折叠并因此在病毒RNA上产生反推,导致tRNA移位时-1移码的机会增加。”

  

  伪结介导的暂停发生在-1移码事件之前

  研究作者解释说:“使用计算模型和报告基因分析,描述了已预测结合假结并抑制SARS-CoV-2移码的化合物,但尚未测试过其抑制病毒复制的能力。”

  为了证明SARS-CoV-2移码可能是治疗COVID-19药物的理想靶标,科学家们在受感染的猴子细胞上测试了两种良好候选药物的化合物。这两种化合物似乎都是无毒的,并将细胞中的SARS-CoV-2水平降低了3-4倍。其中一个化合物——美拉沙星,似乎是针对移码变化的更好候选者,因为它显示出与浓度有关的移码作用的特定降低。另一种化合物MTDB似乎也可以通过不同途径降低病毒水平。

  这项研究还处于早期阶段,目前这些化合物的效力尚不足以开发出尽可能多的药物,但它为开发COVID-19的新疗法提供了良好的起点。由于所有冠状病毒都有移码过程,因此这类药物也可能具有治疗其他冠状病毒的潜力。

  未来研究工作将侧重于理解抑制病毒移码的细胞防御机制,因为这对于开发具有类似活性的小分子化合物可能是有用的。

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