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美國放大招!打算放生10億基因改造蚊子,人們害怕誕生超級蚊子 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

美國放大招!打算放生10億基因改造蚊子,人們害怕誕生超級蚊子

美國放大招!打算放生10億基因改造蚊子,人們害怕誕生超級蚊子
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每到夏季,漫天飞舞的蚊子便成为了世界上最可恨的一种小动物,总是能趁虚而入,吸食人的血液,还让人痛痒不止,所以一提到蚊子,没有人不咬牙切齿,恨不得一巴掌把它拍成肉饼,只可惜,到现在还没有办法彻底让它们灭绝。

美国放大招!打算放生10亿基因改造蚊子,人们害怕诞生超级蚊子

不过就在近日,美国终于放大招了,打算在美国德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州放生10亿只蚊子,未来3个月,将在佛罗里达礁岛群的6个区域内放生14万只蚊子,就在今年4月底,已经在佛罗里达礁岛放生了第1批蚊子。

今年4月底,工作人员抱着装有蚊子幼虫的海蓝宝石纸箱,走进了6位佛罗里达礁岛群居民的家,在院子摆放好后打开盖子,倒入适量的水,在接下来的10多天内,将有成千上万只蚊子不断地从纸箱中飞出,与野外蚊子交配。

美国放大招!打算放生10亿基因改造蚊子,人们害怕诞生超级蚊子

要不了多久,礁岛群上居民就能看到显剧的变化了,岛上的蚊子肯定一下子数量猛增,接下来,美国将陆续在拉姆罗德岛(Ramrod Key),卡乔岛(Cudjoe Key),瓦加礁岛 (Vaca Key)等多个岛屿上投放蚊子。

听起来就够让人毛骨悚然的,难道是嫌这两个州蚊子不够多?事实恰恰相反,而是为了控制蚊子的数量,因为这不是普通的蚊子,而是基因改造蚊子,就跟我们通常所说的转基因食物一样,并非自然生长出来的,而是由实验室制造出来的。

美国放大招!打算放生10亿基因改造蚊子,人们害怕诞生超级蚊子

2020年8月,美国启动了为期两年的灭蚊计划,由英国生物技术公司Oxitec制造出转基因蚊子,用来消灭野外埃及伊蚊,每年预算超过1400万美元,旨在佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州的6600英亩范围内释放10亿只基因改造。

基因改造蚊子,全部都是雄性埃及伊蚊,它们被标识为OX5034,我们知道雄性蚊子并不咬人,咬人的全都是雌蚊子。基因改造蚊子体内带有“自我限制”的基因,当它们与野外蚊子交配时,把该基因遗传给下一代。

美国放大招!打算放生10亿基因改造蚊子,人们害怕诞生超级蚊子

该基因让雌性蚊子患上了先天疾病,所以还没有成年就已经死亡了,也就是说,能让雌性蚊子后代无法存活,从而控制当地蚊子数量。另外,基因改造蚊子还会发出“特殊光”,容易被科学家所观察到,便于跟踪实验进行效果。

为什么美国要用如何奇葩的方式来灭蚊子呢?是因为美国埃及伊蚊携带了多种病毒,登革热,寨卡病毒和黄热病,还有可能会携带新冠病毒,在过去的10年中,美国出现了7000多例登革热病例,其中一部来源于埃及伊蚊传播。

美国放大招!打算放生10亿基因改造蚊子,人们害怕诞生超级蚊子

最显著的事件是在2016年夏季,寨卡病毒在美国迈阿密戴德县(Miami-Dade County)泛滥,结果导致29人因埃及伊蚊而感染了寨卡病毒,最后,该县不得不向该地区空中喷洒农药,杀灭蚊虫,后来导致蚊子对农药产生了抗药性。

还有,每当夏季飓风过后,美国沿海地区会突然涌现出大量蚊子,2020年9月,飓风引发了“蚊灾”,据说一夜之间,就有多只几十斤重的牲口被蚊虫活活地给咬死了,导致农场主损失惨重。所以美国才用基因改造蚊子的灭蚊计划。

美国放大招!打算放生10亿基因改造蚊子,人们害怕诞生超级蚊子

不过美国民众并不买账。虽然美国从2011年开始,一直向民众宣导基因改造蚊子的益处,但是很多人表示不信任英国公司,也不信任基因改造蚊子:既然基因改造蚊子这么厉害,能让野外蚊子灭绝,为什么蚊子反而越来越多了。

众所周知,改基因大豆比普通大豆生命力要强,改基因玉米也比普通玉米要强,改基因植物比普通植物要强得多,谁又能保证基因改造后的蚊子不会再次出现基因突变呢?所以有不少人害怕基因改造蚊子可能会诞生“超级蚊子”,给人类带来灾难。

美国放大招!打算放生10亿基因改造蚊子,人们害怕诞生超级蚊子

基因改造蚊子实验在世界上并不是首次,2018年,45万只基因改造蚊子放生到巴西,尽管基因改造蚊子很快跟野外蚊子打成一片,但是结果却适得其反,“超级蚊子”出现了,“超级蚊子”生命力更强,更不容易被消灭。

总之,美国大招已经放了,基因改造蚊子也已经放生了,那么我们也只能静等佳音了,希望这一技术能真的起到作用,让全球蚊灾得到控制,大家对此怎么看。有趣有料的科学内容请关注唯一的微信公众号:有趣探索

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