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全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣

全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣
2,403

隨著我們國家城鎮化水平的提高,堵車已經成了我們每個人都會遇到的現象。其實不光在中國,世界各地長久以來都面臨著擁堵問題。為了緩解日常的擁堵,各地八仙過海各顯神通,有限號的、有修高架的等等,而在美國的波士頓,有一個曠日持久的道路改造工程,它從1991年開始動工,直到2006年才基本完成,而直到今天仍然還有一些收尾工作正在進行,這個曠日持久的工程也被戲稱為「永恆之掘」。

全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣

這個工程名叫「大隧道」計劃,其目的主要是將波士頓內部的一條高架埋入地下,以減輕擁堵,噪聲對城市的污染。整個工程的規模主要就是兩條加起來約5公里的隧道和一座400多米的橋,可以說工程規模並不算大,原計劃6年完成,但實際上卻整整修了16年。許多當地人可以說是看著這個工地長大的,所以取了個外號叫「Big Dig」

全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣

而如今中國作為基建狂魔類似的項目做過不知有多少,於是許多人會疑問,為什麼美國號稱世界第一,而一個簡單的城建項目,怎麼拖了這麼久?

在上世紀60年代,美國的麻省要修一條高速路,於是就要涉及到拆遷了。當時的建築承包商強行拆除了2萬座民宅,而拆遷款只有市場價的一半,而且還是分期付,這其中就包括一位老奶奶。這位老奶奶的孫子正在麻省理工讀書,得知這件事後感到很震驚,自此也讓他心中埋下了對於高速公路的厭惡,這位年輕人就是薩爾瓦奇。

全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣

多年後薩爾瓦奇進入了波士頓的基建部門工作,當時波士頓也在面臨著嚴重的交通擁堵問題,城中心的一座高架橋每天都要負擔20多萬輛車的通行,不僅污染環境,百姓也怨聲載道。於是薩爾瓦奇趁機提出了「大隧道」的計劃,將高架拆掉移入地下,不僅不用拆遷,還可以改善交通治理污染,可以說是一舉多得。

於是在獲得當地居民的支持後,這項曠日持久的工程便開始了,但問題也接踵而至。因為波士頓位於大西洋沿岸,工程開始不久後就出現了一個低級失誤:河底沉管組件短了1.14米,加上靠近大海,地底結構複雜,導致施工進度異常的緩慢。2001年由於水泥有問題,隧道的防水隔離層破裂,大量湧入的海水差點淹了整個地鐵系統,2003年整個工地有幾千處漏水,內部成了一個水簾洞,2004年已經開通的隧道因為漏水嚴重不得不再次關閉,2006年交付使用後,隧道頂部掉下了一塊天花板還砸中了過往的車輛車,車上的一名乘客被砸死,於是隧道又繼續返工,到了2007年才勉強完工。2011年隧道頂部的燈具又砸到了地面,經過調查發現整個天花板都有脫落的危險。

全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣

水泥不過關,質量不合格,鉚釘不合格,監管維護不到位等等問題,整個隧道就活脫脫一個豆腐渣工程。

你那麼你知道這個工程共花了多少錢嗎?歷時16年,這段2.4公里的隧道從最初的28億美元的預算瘋漲到200多億美元,折合人民幣1300多億。相當於每公里造價541億,比英吉利海峽的海底隧道還高出近30倍,這些錢能夠我們修4條青藏鐵路了。

全程僅2.4公里,卻花了1300億,美國如何用16年修了個豆腐渣

然而16年的時間,平均算下來也就每天修一米不到,卻修成這個樣子,整個工程發生了多起坍塌,還造成了多人傷亡,但龐大的工程款卻沒有明細的帳目,很多錢不知道怎麼就花掉了,整個工程從頭到尾也沒有一個人受到過處分。也是很神奇了

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