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17艘30億美元大單黃了?莫三比克亂了!韓國造船業愁了 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

17艘30億美元大單黃了?莫三比克亂了!韓國造船業愁了

17艘30億美元大單黃了?莫三比克亂了!韓國造船業愁了
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17艘30億美元大單黃了?莫三比克亂了!韓國造船業愁了

道達爾公司突然叫停莫三比克LNG項目,韓國兩大船企已經到手的價值30億美元的17艘LNG船訂單「前途未卜」。

當地時間4月26日,能源巨頭法國道達爾公司宣布莫三比克北部價值200億美元的LNG項目因 「不可抗力」將繼續暫停,直到莫三比克政府恢復德爾加杜角省的安全。

在莫三比克LNG項目暫停之後,與之相關的17艘LNG船建造項目也自然「擱淺」。韓國業界表示,對於好不容易乘著船市復甦「長驅直入」的韓國造船企業來說是「非常痛苦的事情」。

去年12月21日至12月23日的三天內,現代重工集團連續承接了9艘LNG船訂單,合同總金額約為1.82萬億韓元(約合16.52億美元);另一家韓國船企三星重工則連續承接了8艘LNG船訂單,合同總金額約為1.63億韓元(約合14.7億美元)。這一總價值超過30億美元的超級大單也引起了全球造船業界的廣泛關注。

儘管根據合同協議保密條款的要求,這批訂單的船東名字並沒有公開,但韓國造船業界認為,從這批連續簽訂合同的LNG船的價格來看,很可能與道達爾石油公司的莫三比克阿納達科LNG項目有關。目前,17.4萬立方米級LNG船的平均造價約1.86億美元。

據悉,道達爾並不直接擁有這批LNG船,而是以租船的方式使用。其中,現代重工集團承接的9艘LNG船訂單由日本商船三井和川崎汽船訂造,其中至少5艘由商船三井所有;而三星重工承接的8艘LNG船訂單則由日本郵船和希臘船東Angelicoussis Shipping Group的子公司Maran Gas Maritime所有,每家船東各訂造4艘。

據韓國媒體此前的報導,由道達爾石油公司主導推進的莫三比克LNG項目包括開發莫三比克海上天然氣田,通過浮式液化天然氣裝置(FLNG) 生產和銷售LNG。該項目分為兩個子項目進行,此次招標的是天然氣田開發計劃「1區(Area 1)項目投入船舶」項目。道達爾石油公司計劃從2023年開始相關項目,為了建造LNG船,同時進行船東和造船企業的招標。

17艘30億美元大單黃了?莫三比克亂了!韓國造船業愁了

2019年,現代重工集團、大宇造船、三星重工等韓國三大造船企業和日本的三菱重工、川崎重工等2家造船企業通過了事前審查,並由此展開了訂單爭奪戰。

憑藉在LNG船領域的價格優勢和技術優勢,韓國造船企業在此次訂單爭奪戰中占據了優勢。去年2月,現代重工集團和三星重工簽署了莫三比克LNG項目中的各8艘17.4萬立方米級LNG船的建造意向合同,此外還包括1艘備選訂單。

韓國業界相關人士表示,當初預計去年8月底這批LNG船就能簽訂建造合同,但由於需同時與船東簽訂租船合同,所以時間被推遲了。

為了順利贏得莫三比克項目的LNG船大單,韓國政府幾乎「不遺餘力」。去年年底,韓國進出口銀行宣布為莫三比克LNG項目提供5億美元融資支持,當時銀行方面稱,現代重工集團和三星重工正在就莫三比克LNG項目多達17艘LNG船的訂單進行談判,預計此次融資將有助於韓國船企贏得LNG船訂單。

值得一提的是,道達爾的17艘LNG船訂單似乎都是有條件的。據國際船舶網了解,三星重工的8艘LNG船建造合同有效期至2021年5月31日,這樣的安排實際上允許船東在截止日期之前取消訂單。不過,現代重工集團訂單的具體細節則並不確定。

韓國業界認為,隨著道達爾石油公司因莫三比克政局的不穩定,廢除這17艘LNG船訂單的可能性越來越大,一旦撤單,現代重工集團和三星重工也必然會受到很大打擊。

由於新冠病毒疫情引發的全球石油和天然氣價格暴跌,在整個行業,多數企業已被迫推遲對新液化天然氣項目的決定,並減記對現有生產工廠的投資,這與去年工廠獲批的創紀錄水平形成鮮明對比。

17艘30億美元大單黃了?莫三比克亂了!韓國造船業愁了

莫三比克的天然氣開發項目是非洲迄今最大的私人投資項目,可能使該國成為非洲大陸第二大天然氣生產國。根據計劃,在這些項目的整個生命周期內,將積累960億美元。要獲得這些收益,莫三比克政府需要先解決德爾加多省北部地區不斷升級的暴力事件,因為這是項目的所在地。去年8月,伊斯蘭國武裝分子占領了港口城市Mocinboa da Praia,距道達爾耗資200億美元的投資項目僅60公里。目前還不清楚政府何時能重新奪回該港口的控制權。

去年12月31日,因臨近該項目的地區遭到武裝分子襲擊,道達爾公司宣布暫停項目施工,並撤離了數百名工作人員和承包商。今年3月24日,就在道達爾決定重返施工現場的幾個小時後,距離施工地僅數公里外的城鎮帕爾馬再度遭襲。

17艘30億美元大單黃了?莫三比克亂了!韓國造船業愁了

目前莫三比克的國內局勢正在惡化,特別是該國北部沿海城市、國際天然氣項目小鎮帕爾馬上月被反政府武裝暫時占領後,該國政局不穩定的事態達到高潮。

儘管莫三比克總統菲利普·紐吉於4月7日(當地時間)宣布,已經把反政府武裝趕出了帕爾馬,但其影響仍在繼續。在3月24日的恐怖襲擊發生後,道達爾已經撤離了所有在莫三比克北部阿豐吉半島上進行的天然氣勘探項目的工作人員。道達爾表示,現階段該公司無法進行安全有效的天然氣開採,在情況好轉前,不會讓工作人員返回項目。(王楚)

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