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中國外交為什麼「戰狼」了?因為周圍的狼多了 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

中國外交為什麼「戰狼」了?因為周圍的狼多了

中國外交為什麼「戰狼」了?因為周圍的狼多了
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一段時間以來,西方對中國「戰狼外交」的指責不斷。在西方主導話語權的國際語境裡,中國受到無端指責的時候,中國外交官奮起捍衛國家利益,一點錯也沒有。具體做法可以商榷,但原則上說,外交官本來就是不拿槍的戰士。如果對方找茬、要對抗的話。

中國外交為什麼「戰狼」了?因為周圍的狼多了

中國不是不想韜光養晦,但已經過了韜光養晦的時候了,再韜光養晦就是裝了。奔馳汽車在中國市場的銷售量是在美國市場的三倍,中國的鋼產量是世界的一半,你說怎麼韜光養晦法?

在川普時代,美國無底線衝撞,欺負中國不敢掀桌子,結果在貿易戰問題上一腳踢到鐵板上,在疫情問題上搬起石頭砸到了自己的腳,在台灣問題上最後還是沒敢邁出公開支持台獨這一步。

川普是美國政治的異數。拜登上台時,人們是有「正常化」的期望的。但川普的亂拳中是有路數的,這就是中國已經成為Pax Americana的實質性威脅。川普或許是第一個認識到中國將決定性地超過美國的政客,而不只是把中國威脅當作競選語言。拜登在很多議題上「逢特必反」,但在中國議題上,他只有蕭規曹隨。

持續20年的阿富汗戰爭終於要結束了。在阿富汗戰爭爆發的時候,美國還雄心勃勃,要改造世界,按照美國的設計重塑伊斯蘭世界只是一部分,重塑中國則是另一部分,所以圍堵還是交往都是美國的選項。

20年後,美國重塑世界的時代是決定性地過去了,現在美國是在手忙腳亂中維持Pax Americana,並且在憂慮如何制止和逆轉Pax Americana不再的未來。越南戰爭結束的時候,美國也一樣狼狽,但憑藉尚存的經濟強勢迎來了「里根盛世」。阿富汗戰爭結束的時候,美國經濟已經空心化了,世界經濟也進入了雙中心時代,川普想再現一把「里根盛世」,結果一事無成。拜登想通過基建拉動美國,可美國不是羅斯福時代了。不說別的,基建的鋼材和水泥從哪裡來?美國的鋼產量和水泥產量已經不能支持拜登基建了,迅速恢復產能已經沒有可能。從中國進口嗎?美國想要多大的逆差?再何況中國還不一定願意平價出口呢,中國自己也在減產能、減排,自己增排了,肥了美國,憑什麼?高價?好吧,那可以商量。

拜登的算盤正如布林肯在安克雷奇所說:在需要競爭的地方競爭,在可以合作的地方合作,在必須對抗的地方對抗(competitive where it should be, collaborative where it can be, adversarial where it must be)。

經濟、科技是需要競爭的地方,氣候是可以合作的地方,政治、輿論、安全則是需要對抗的地方。

這將不僅是拜登的中國政策,也將是可預見未來美國的中國政策,差別只是競爭-合作-對抗的比重微調。

美國已經沒有選項了。

中國的經濟總量緊逼美國,中國的科技發展緊逼美國,中國的文化自信緊逼美國,中國的可持續發展則顯著領先於美國。美國再不競爭,就只有坐以待斃了。

美國在政治上改造中國已經失敗了。中國不僅「不服改造」,還用實踐證明了「以發展帶公平則公平存」的新發展道路,在意識形態上對西方的「以民主帶經濟則經濟興」的「訓導」形成事實否定。Pax Americana首先是一種政治宗教,如果基本教義被否定了,Pax Americana也就難以為繼了。所以中國崛起成為對美國的「生存威脅」。對於習慣於霸主的美國來說,在思想上被否定比在肉體上被否定還要難受。

至於輿論和安全,那只是政治的工具。

美國已經沒有選項了。這意味著中國也沒有選項了,也只有在需要競爭的地方競爭,在可以合作的地方合作,在必須對抗的地方對抗。同樣,經濟、科技是需要競爭的地方,氣候是可以合作的地方,政治、輿論、安全則是需要對抗的地方。

中國的經濟和科技發展寬廣、紮實,但在很多方面依然離頂峰還有距離,中國的競爭是要攻克「最後一公里」。中國的安全環境依然險惡,美國要用台灣問題制約中國崛起只能是搬起石頭砸自己的腳,但如何使得石頭精準地砸在美國的腳上,而不是到處亂砸,還是需要對抗藝術的。

但中國已經不能再被動地針對美國的中國政策見招拆招了。就像道路交通一樣,小車讓大車,輕車讓重車,但大車和大車之間就不只是個讓的問題。大家都遵守規則,很好,那就該誰走就誰走。要是有人刻意不遵守交通規則,危險駕駛,那就只有在不撞車的情況下搶道甚至別車了,否則被惡霸大車霸住道路就意味著自己無路可走了。

這也意味著在可以合作的地方也要以我為主。比如說,在氣候問題上,中國明白自己的責任和應該對世界做出的貢獻,中國提出了2030年碳達峰、2060年碳中和的目標,並秉承一貫的少說多做的傳統,已經紮實地在路上了。但美國要干擾中國的碳減排進程,這是辦不到的。在氣候問題上,美國願意相向而行,這很好;美國要使壞,中國就只有搶道、別車了,中國這輛大車還是走自己的道;美國要抓領導權,那就領導美國自己吧,中國走自己的路。

更加具體到下周的拜登氣候峰會,中國依然沒有確認是否會參加,只在聯合公報里提到:「兩國均期待4月22/23日美國主辦的領導人氣候峰會。雙方認同峰會的目標,即在格拉斯哥聯合國氣候公約第26次締約方大會前提高包括減緩、適應和支持的全球氣候雄心。」我方高規格參加當然是支持峰會,派解振特別代表參加也是支持,尤其是在我方已經通過與馬克龍和默克爾的三邊峰會向世界說明了中國立場的情況,再參加拜登峰會也就這麼多可說的了。

另一方面,氣候議題一直是歐洲主導的議題,我方與馬克龍和默克爾協調立場是對歐洲的氣候領導權的支持,在戰術上這也淡化了美國的領導權。

至於中國外交為什麼「戰狼」多了,正如剛離任的中國駐英國大使劉曉明所說,戰狼多了,是因為狼太多。

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