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NASA大計劃!將上月球找“冰”,SpaceX獵鷹重型火箭助力 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

NASA大計劃!將上月球找“冰”,SpaceX獵鷹重型火箭助力

NASA大計劃!將上月球找“冰”,SpaceX獵鷹重型火箭助力
2,584

图为月球

美国航空航天局目前正在继续推进其阿尔忒弥斯项目。此项目计划在2024年之前,将第一名女性航天员和第二名男性航天员送上月球南极。这次人类重返月球,将会比阿波罗计划中宇航员停留时间更长。在阿波罗任务时期,这个纪录保持在75小时左右。

为了能够实现在未来长期停留在月球上这一构想,宇航员们可能要利用一些取自月球的自然资源。在2018年时,科学家已经证实月球两极阴影很深的陨石坑中存在水冰。这些冰可以被融化和净化后使用,它们既可以作为饮用水也可以被用来作为火箭燃料。

图为美国宇航局(NASA)

美国宇航局的下一代月球车旨在找出月球南极的水和冰,它刚刚被分配了一次飞行任务,SpaceX的猎鹰重型运载火箭将于2023年与一个中等容量的着陆器一起发射到月球。这项任务是该机构的关键,通过阿耳特弥斯计划在月球上建立一个永久的人类驻地。此外,这将是此前只飞行过几次的“猎鹰重型”的又一次重要出行。

SpaceX的星际飞船最近占据了很多头条新闻,作为猎鹰重型飞船的更大更强大的继任者,猎鹰重型飞船在测试中达到了令人印象深刻的高度。2018年猎鹰重型轰炸机完成它的第一次任务,该公司将首席执行官埃隆·马斯克的特斯拉跑车送上太空。

随后,该重型运载火箭在2019年完成了两次商业任务,其中一次实现了三重火箭着陆,另一次将24颗卫星送入轨道,这是该公司有史以来最困难的发射任务之一。然而,私人航天公司Astrobotic新获得的合同代表了航天器首次登月。

去年,美国宇航局授予该公司拥有一份价值2亿美元的合同,将它的挥发性物质调查极地探测车运送到月球南极。这种探测车配备了在月球表面寻找水冰的仪器,目的是发掘新的资源,供居住在阿耳忒弥斯计划下的月球基地的人使用。

图为美国SpaceX公司

根据协议,该探测车将被装载到Astrobotic的格里芬月球着陆器上,该着陆器仍在开发中,并将在今年晚些时候进行资格测试。宇航机器人公司近日宣布,它已选择猎鹰重型运载火箭发射着陆器,预计将于2023年底从佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心发射。

登月不仅仅是建造一艘宇宙飞船,还要有一个完整的任务解决方案,Astrobotic公司的格里芬一号任务(GM1)总监丹尼尔·吉利斯说。“SpaceX的重型猎鹰完成了我们的GM1解决方案,提供了一个经过验证的运载火箭,将我们送上月球轨道。SpaceX拥有很棒的团队、运载工具和设施来实现这一目标。”(彬)

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