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敲黑板記筆記!獨家揭秘中國高鐵克服熱脹冷縮的秘密! – 有海水的地方就有中國人

敲黑板記筆記!獨家揭秘中國高鐵克服熱脹冷縮的秘密!

敲黑板記筆記!獨家揭秘中國高鐵克服熱脹冷縮的秘密!
2,403

  1909年,詹天佑带领国人建成了我国自主设计和建造的第一条铁路-京张铁路,向世界证明了中国人的骨气,此条线路又被称之为“骨气路”。经过百余年的发展,中国俨然已经成了“基建狂魔”,铁路总里程高居世界第二,而高铁总里程位居世界第一。

  

  在我国高铁尚未大规模商用之时,绿皮车是客运担当,总是会听到火车运行时 的 “ 哐 当 ” 声音,无疑是很多人出行的难忘回忆。而高铁的声音就小得多,就有人发出疑问,两者的差别就是铁轨之间有无缝隙吗,没有缝隙,噪音自然就没了,还能解决热胀冷缩的问题,事实是这样吗?

  图片为工人在安装无缝钢轨

  普通铁路的有缝线路每隔25米钢轨就会留出极短的缝隙,这样当钢轨因为温度变化伸长或缩短时,内部产生的压力就会在缝隙处释放出来,有利于行车安全。但它的缺点也不少,因为每隔20多米就有缝隙,会对行驶中的火车产生一定的冲击,所以不可避免地要降低行车速度,避免出现脱轨的惨剧。还有缝隙的接头处也需要不断地巡检维护,成本不低。

  所以,高速度运行的高铁就应运而生,采用了无缝钢轨模式。而无缝钢轨也并不是完全没有一点缝隙,而是在它的整条铁路线间空隙非常少,无缝钢轨是将接近100米长的钢轨通过无缝焊接机将钢轨的两端升温至1000摄氏度以上,挤压在一起,焊接后才铺设在固定地方,使它不会随着温度变化而胀缩。钢轨使用的固定器件外表虽然简单,但所起到的作用却不小,工人使用扣板和螺栓等工具将铁轨锁定在目标上,锁定后能有效抵消热胀冷缩的张力,用强制方法保证钢轨不变形。但如果是经过大跨度的大桥梁时,就必须要用上一件法宝,即“钢轨伸缩调节器”,它的原理就是可以沿着钢轨长度方向活动,温度变化时轨道相应的伸长或收缩就行了。

  

  无缝钢轨的使用,能让我们拥有更好的乘车体验,在列车上节省更多时间并且听到更小的噪音,并且它减少了钢轨接头,也就让整条线路少了更多的磨损。能够更好的控制成本。那么高铁线路为何要修的弯弯曲曲呢,拉条直线不 更 “ 香 ” 吗?

  图片为工人在测试无缝轨道接口

  第一、高铁要走的是客流量多的地区,铁路为了增加客流量,沿线城市为了靠高铁拉动经济发展,都想尽了办法,不走直线就在情理之中了。

  第二、中国国土广袤,地形复杂多变,修建高铁经常要穿越大山峡谷险要地带,我们本着能过则过,不能过就绕行的原则,尽量减少不必要的成本。

  看到我国的高铁技术这么值得点赞,那么它的钢轨技术怎样呢?

  毫无疑问,我国的无缝钢轨技术已经远远超出国际标准,制造技术能让国外专家都自愧不如,无论是一段钢轨的长度还是钢轨对接的精度都是该行业的翘楚。

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