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首射失敗,美空軍高超音速導彈計劃受挫,在中國身後跌了個大跟頭 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

首射失敗,美空軍高超音速導彈計劃受挫,在中國身後跌了個大跟頭

首射失敗,美空軍高超音速導彈計劃受挫,在中國身後跌了個大跟頭
10,120

  所谓高超音速导弹,即速度超过5马赫的导弹,在这种速度下,一般的防御系统很难将其拦截,因此高超音速武器也被认为是未来武器的发展方向。高超音速武器概念由美国人在上世纪70年代提出,但相比于中国,美国在该领域可以说是“起了个大早,赶了个晚集”。不仅如此,如今美国在中国身后还跌了个大跟头。

  据美国《战区》网站4月6日报道,美国空军透露在4月5日的时候,美军的B-52H轰炸机携带一枚AGM-183A高超音速导弹原型进行试射,结果B-52H轰炸机在加州海岸外慕古角海上试射场起飞后试图发射导弹时,竟发现导弹无法发射出去,最终B-52H轰炸机只能带着导弹返回加州爱德华兹空军基地,此次被美国军方万众期待的高超音速导弹试射以失败告终。而且这还是AGM-183A高超音速导弹第一次试射,首射就失败也让美国空军的高超音速导弹计划受到重大挫折。

  

  无独有偶,在去年12月份美国空军对另一款高超音速飞行器HAWC原型机用B-52H进行试射,而HAWC原型机同样是因为助推器问题导致飞行体未能从B-52H上分离,试验失败。HAWC飞行器是美国“空射吸气式高超音速武器概念”的简称,与AGM-183A高超音速导弹同属美国空军的高超音速武器项目,半年内2次空射超高音速武器失败,美国空军的高超音速项目进度也不得不延期。

  两次发射不同类型的高超音速导弹均以失败告终,而且都是由于助推器的问题,这很可能反映出了一个问题,那就是美军的空射高超音速导弹的失败可能并非尤其设计上的小缺陷,而是整个项目的设计都存疑,尤其是在动力系统这一块。如果从一开始的设计就存在问题,之后的改进工作也同样难以解决,一旦坐实这点,可以认定美国空军的高超音速导弹项目恐怕得前功尽弃,剩下的都得推倒重来了。

  

  目前而言,中国是高超音速武器第一的国家,与美国高超音速试射屡次失败不同,中国在近年来8次高超音速实验中8次测试全部成功。不仅如此,中国还拥有全球第一款正式列装的高超音速导弹东风-17,光是从东风-17滑翔弹道设计来看,就已经领先美国正在测试的各种高超音速导弹一大截,毫无疑问在高超音速导弹领域,中国排在世界第一。

  处于第二的国家,实际上还轮不到美国。如果说中国解决了动力系统与滑翔弹道的问题,而美国还没解决动力系统问题的话,俄罗斯至少解决了动力系统,已经测试了如“匕首”、“锆石”、“先锋”等多种类型的高超音速导弹。虽然说俄罗斯的高超音速导弹反导能力存疑,但至少稳定性没问题。像此次美国试射的AGM-183A高超音速导弹,实际上是在追赶俄罗斯的“匕首”高超音速导弹,因为这款导弹同样是空射型。

  

  目前美国的高超音速导弹问题还卡死在冲压发动机上,尽管项目立了很多,但测试结果依旧难堪,恐怕在未来很长一段时间,美国的超高音速导弹得摸着中国过河了。(子文)

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