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均價大漲63.44%!中國獲更大稀土議價權,而西方卻在自食苦果? – 有海水的地方就有中國人

均價大漲63.44%!中國獲更大稀土議價權,而西方卻在自食苦果?

均價大漲63.44%!中國獲更大稀土議價權,而西方卻在自食苦果?
2,179

俄乌冲突爆发后,世界市场供应链受到严重冲击,能源、粮食、矿产等大宗商品价格一路飙升。

8月7日,据我国海关总署统计数据显示,7月我国稀土出口量为3637.1吨,出口额为9370万美元。今年1至7月出口量累计达到29865.9吨,同比增长7.5%;出口总额达6.395亿美元,同比大涨75.7%。也就是说,今年我国稀土出口均价同比大涨63.44%。

我国是世界上稀土产量最高的国家,2021年,我国稀土总产量为16.8万吨,占全球稀土总产量的60%。我国也是第一大稀土出口国。

尽管近来随着世界范围内稀土矿的不断探明,使世界稀土供应日渐多元化,但是我国稀土的出口量并未受到冲击,反而依旧呈增长态势。由此可以反映,全球市场对于稀土的需求依旧处于高位,稀土下游产业发展长期前景趋好。

目前,我国稀土的主要出口国为日本、美国、荷兰和韩国。2021年,我国稀土出口总量的75%以上出口至上述4国。

尽管我国是世界上最大稀土产出和出口国,但是我国在世界稀土市场上的议价能力却与我国稀土出口大国的地位不匹配。不过这一情况正在逐年好转。

2021年,我国稀土的均价已经同比增长了37.68%,但是这个幅度依旧不够。而且,2021年的涨价,主要是此前受疫情影响萎缩的市场需求复苏影响,而供应端和整体需求规模却没有较大改变。

但是今年情况不同了。能源危机使欧美各国对清洁能源的需求暴增,比如电动汽车和发电机中的磁铁,就主要由从稀土中提炼的Nd和Pr这两种金属制成,而中国恰恰也是稀土磁铁最大的生产国和消费国。另外,俄乌冲突对世界市场供应链的扰乱,也影响了稀土市场的秩序。这些因素,都给了我们提升议价权和话语权的空间。

这次世界市场供应链紧张,完全是西方国家一手炮制的,但是他们如今却深陷历史性高通胀中,已自食恶果。我们中国,则应该抓住这次机会,扩大在国际市场的份额、议价权和影响力。

文 | 魏来 题 | 黄梓昕 审 | 李泽钚

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