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東風-41服役多年後,美軍新一代洲際導彈首次試射,升空11秒爆炸 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

東風-41服役多年後,美軍新一代洲際導彈首次試射,升空11秒爆炸

東風-41服役多年後,美軍新一代洲際導彈首次試射,升空11秒爆炸
2,315



美军新一代洲际弹道导弹第一次测试就出了问题,升空后11秒时发生了爆炸

美国的民兵洲际弹道导弹至今服役四五十年,早已经超期了。为了研发新一代导弹,进行试射,结果遗憾,首次试射就发生意外,在升空后11秒时发生了爆炸。

“民兵”导弹有三种型号,1960年开始研制,1965年装备部队,射程11260公里,命中精度560米。“民兵3”型导弹于1966年开始研制,1970年装备部队。第一代民兵导弹服役60余年了,按民兵3导弹服役时间来看,也已经52年了。民兵老矣,尚能战否?这是美国最担心的。



反观中国,由于第一代DF-5第二代DF-31洲际导弹装备数量不多,但DF-41突破后,于2017年正式服役,开始大量在西北地区建设地下发射基地。同时DF-41技术又用到老型号上,出现了DF-5B和DF-31AG新型导弹。DF-41不论是射程还是分导技术,早就超过民兵3导弹。俄罗斯一样,除了老型洲际导弹,新的白杨-M,还有萨尔马特,先锋等新式导弹,全部超过民兵系列。

所以,美国急需新一代洲际核武取代民兵3洲际导弹。在2030年,美国空军计划将新型哨兵洲际弹道导弹(代号LGM-35A)投入战斗任务。



哨兵洲际弹道导弹的研发始于六年前,即2016年7月(也就是DF-41服役前一年),美国空军核武器中心发布了一份招标请求,要求开发和生产先进的GBSD洲际弹道导弹,以取代现有的LGM-30G民兵III洲际导弹。

波音公司和诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司提交了招标。2017年8月,波音公司获得了3.49亿美元的预研拨款,诺斯罗普-格鲁曼公司获得了3.29亿美元的拨款。原计划2020年评估两个项目,并选择最成功的一个项目进行进一步开发。

然而,在2019年年中,出现了纠纷,波音公司退出了GBSD计划,同年年底,诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司被宣布为该计划的获胜者。2020年9月,公司获得启动资金估计为133亿美元。

今年4月,GBSD计划中的洲际弹道导弹分配了新的代号LGM-35A和名称(“哨兵”)。

根据已知的数据,在“哨兵”项目的框架内,大量不同的组件和组件正在从头开始开发。同时,还使用了一些成品,包括从上一代洲际弹道导弹中借用的那些。

从零开始生产具有增强特性的固体燃料导弹发动机,控制系统等,该领域的工作进展了多远尚不清楚。



在战斗部也使用了类似的方法。特别是对于“哨兵”,正在开发一种新的单制导弹头Mk 21A,它是Mk 21系列的改进版本。迄今为止,设计已经完成,新装置的飞行测试已经开始。

在服役的第一阶段,Mk 21A部队将配备现有的W87热核弹头,目前用于民兵导弹。将来,他们将配备升级的W87 核弹头,开发目前由能源部的专业组织进行。



为了节省资金并加快重新武装,美国空军建议在现有民兵3地基发射器上使用“哨兵”。

根据已知数据,GBSD计划研制一种带核弹头的三级洲际弹道导弹。在整体架构上,新型LGM-35A导弹与目前的民兵3洲际导弹没有根本区别。

与以前的美国洲际弹道导弹一样,新的哨兵将有三级,配备固体燃料发动机。

哨兵洲际弹道导弹的确切飞行特性尚未公布。可以假设,在这方面,火箭不会逊色于其前身,射程至少14000公里。弹头的重量也没有具体说明。



早些时候有报道称,五角大楼计划只为哨兵洲际弹道导弹配备“传统”弹头。没有设想引入高超音速滑翔弹头。但是,将来可能升级成高超音速弹头。



第一次测试Mk 21A弹头,发射于7月6日在范登堡空军基地(加利福尼亚州)进行,据悉,发射未成功。发射10-11秒后,运载火箭爆炸。它的残骸和火箭碎片一起落在发射台附近。事故原因正在调查中。测试失败严重影响了整个项目的研制进度。目前尚不清楚测试和微调弹头和相关产品需要多长时间。



根据目前的计划,这项工作将在2030年前完成。首批产品应在2028-2030年进入战斗任务,将配备具有现有弹头的第一版战斗装备。向新武器的完全过度将在2036年完成,届时更新的W78 核弹头将投入使用。美国计划哨兵洲际导弹将至少服役40-45年。根据目前的计划,这种武器的退役过程将不早于2075年开始,因此,哨兵洲际导弹将成为美国下一代核三位一体的压轴武器。然而,它不太可能打破1970年民兵III导弹的服役记录。

新型导弹对国家安全尤为重要,因此五角大楼将尽一切可能将其用于战斗任务。

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