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關鍵節點逼近!歐洲又一大難題出現,因加息多少這個問題”吵翻了” – 有海水的地方就有中國人

關鍵節點逼近!歐洲又一大難題出現,因加息多少這個問題”吵翻了”

關鍵節點逼近!歐洲又一大難題出現,因加息多少這個問題”吵翻了”
2,141

25个基点的加息幅度恐怕不足以让欧元多头开心起来……

今晚19:45市场将迎来本周重磅日程之一——欧洲央行利率决议。尽管欧洲央行预计将按兵不动,但此次决议仍被认为是欧洲央行开启货币政策新时代的一个关键节点。欧洲央行预计将发出7月停止资产购买计划(APP)下的购债以及7月加息的信号,为退出长达八年的负利率政策做准备。

欧元区通胀持续走高

自上次会议以来,欧元区的通胀持续攀升。随着能源和食品价格上涨推高价格压力,5月份欧元区CPI同比增速高达8.1%,创下历史新高,这引起了欧洲央行的警觉,官员们的预期越来越鹰派。拉加德在5月的一篇文章中一改她往常的立场称:

“APP下的净购买量将在第三季度结束,这将使我们能够在7月的会议上提高利率。即使供应冲击消退,我们也不太可能回到过去十年的通货紧缩状态。”

这番表态被认为是从7月1日起停止APP下的资产购买“开绿灯”,并为欧洲央行在7月和9月会议上的加息铺平了道路。

最关键问题:7月加息25个基点还是50个基点?

由于资产购买和加息之间的顺序意味着欧洲央行不会在6月份的会议上加息,目前市场对本周加息的预期接近于0,而7月和9月加息25个基点则已经被完全定价,这也与最近欧洲央行发出的信号一致。

市场定价的利率预期走势

然而,市场预计欧洲央行在年底前将加息132个基点,这意味着欧洲央行在6月之后的四次会议中有三次加息25个基点,有一次需要加息50个基点。

对于7月的那场会议,交易员预计央行利率将加息37.5个基点,这意味着加息50个基点的可能性为50%。这与美国银行相对鹰派的预期比较接近,该行目前预计欧洲央行将在7月和9月分别加息50个基点。

不过,大多数经济学家认为,7月和9月只会出现25个基点的加息幅度。Pantheon Macroeconomics首席欧元区经济学家Claus Vistesen表示:

“欧洲央行应该会在决议上预先承诺7月加息,并重申其打算在第二季度末按计划结束量化宽松政策。问题是欧洲央行会加息25个基点还是50个基点。我们认为是前者,但采取更果断行动的压力正在上升。”

ING的外汇策略师Francesco Pesole指出,任何暗示欧洲央行可能在7月和9月加息超过25个基点的信号都将由行长拉加德和欧洲央行首席经济学家莱恩发出。因此投资者需密切关注拉加德在新闻发布会上的表态。

另外,欧洲央行本周还将发布新的经济增长和通胀预期,预计经济预期或将遭遇下调,而通胀预测可能会上调。其中2024年的通胀预期将是关注重点,因为这是欧洲央行的中期价格目标,预计2024年通胀率可能达到2%。

欧洲央行的另一大难题:欧元区金融割裂

自欧洲央行3月份会议以来,意大利10年期国债收益率已上升了140个基点,与德国同期国债的收益率差扩大了40个基点。

如果这一趋势持续下去,投资者可能会重新评估意大利债务负担的可持续性,从而引发一场危机。

拉加德曾多次表示,欧洲央行不会允许整个欧元区的金融状况出现明显分歧,并准备采取一切必要措施来避免这种情况。外媒援引知情人士称,欧洲央行决策者本周将要求拉加德使用更强硬的语言来表明欧洲央行的决心,并希望推进使用欧洲央行已经研究过一段时间的危机工具。

欧洲央行早在去年就讨论了一种预防工具,以防较弱经济体的债券收益率出现飙升。当时,欧元区外围国家的官员游说欧洲央行承诺无限制购买债券以限制其借贷成本,而核心国家的同行则希望附加一些条件。

有报道称,欧洲央行可以制定一个“新工具”来解决这个问题。英国《金融时报》最近的一份报告表明,预计政策制定者将“加强承诺,在脆弱的欧元区国家受到抛售时支持其债务市场”。

就目前而言,似乎还没有设计出这种工具的具体细节。因此,目前,政策制定者可能会加强围绕未来债券购买的一些承诺。一种选择将是在声明中加入与拉加德最近文章中类似的话语:

“如有必要,欧洲央行可以设计和部署新的工具来确保货币政策在正常化道路上的传导,因为我们沿着政策路径前进正常化。”

给欧元带来鹰派惊喜的门槛有点高

期权定价显示,欧元兑美元的波动率在决议前夕逼近2019年的高位,这表明交易员对今晚决议感到非常紧张。

德国商业银行货币策略主管Ulrich Leuchtmann表示,欧元的任何波动幅度——无论是朝哪个方向——都将“取决于拉加德表态中体现出来的紧迫程度”。他说:

“任何表明加息50个基点的举措都对欧元有利,因为仍有足够多的市场参与者对欧洲央行是否愿意迅速加息持怀疑态度。”

摩根士丹利的Wanting Low策略师等人表示,考虑到欧洲央行官员的鹰派言论,建议将欧元兑美元于决议后的目标定为1.10,这是自4月初以来的最高水平。BMO资本市场策略师Stephen Gallo则认为,欧洲央行在周四会议上加息的“非常鹰派”情景有20%的可能性,这可能推动欧元兑美元收盘或“略高于”该水平。

另外,欧洲央行推出工具,以遏制欧元区核心和外围国家债券收益率利差扩大的可能性也是对欧元的一个关键驱动因素,因为这将提振市场对于欧洲央行成功控制金融割裂风险并继续加息的信心。目前,以美债与德债之间的利差来衡量,欧元兑美元的价值应该在接近1.09的水平。

不过,考虑到目前市场押注7月加息的可能性已经过半,如果拉加德只是重申之前概述的7月和9月加息25个基点的计划,市场很可能会倾向于对利率曲线重新定价,导致欧元进一步走弱。

道明证券表示,由于利率曲线已经反映了欧洲央行最有可能收紧的情况,欧元兑美元的上涨空间有限。ING的Pesole也表示:

“任何不表明欧洲央行对7月加息50个基点持开放态度的消息都可能达不到市场的鹰派预期,并推动欧元/美元跌至1.05。”

利率预期的变化以及随后对欧元/美元的影响

荷兰合作银行外汇策略师Jane Foley表示,近期市场一直在增加欧元的多头头寸,如果欧洲央行给加息预期泼冷水,这些多头头寸将很脆弱。她说:

“即使欧洲央行强烈暗示下个月有可能加息25个基点,这也不太可能对欧元产生任何支撑。我认为未来几天欧元/美元可能会有更多的下行潜力。”

即使是看好欧洲央行大幅加息的美国银行也对欧元持谨慎态度,该行认为,仍有许多因素对欧元构成压力。假设我们的判断是正确的,任何欧元的强势都应该是暂时的。

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