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撐不住了!東南亞6國跌破“關鍵經濟指標”,越泰印等國冒險解封 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

撐不住了!東南亞6國跌破“關鍵經濟指標”,越泰印等國冒險解封

撐不住了!東南亞6國跌破“關鍵經濟指標”,越泰印等國冒險解封
2,566

今年6月以来,德尔塔毒株击穿了东南亚国家的防疫线,印尼、泰国、越南、马来西亚等国新增确诊病例大幅攀升,屡创纪录。为了遏制德尔塔的加速传播,东南亚经济体采取了封锁措施,工厂停产,商店关门,经济活动几乎停摆。但封锁一段时间后,这些国家快撑不住了,开始冒险“解禁”……

这个夏天,东南亚地区疫情肆虐:印尼成为亚洲疫情新“震中”,单日死亡病例一度刷新全球最高纪录;去年被称为“东南亚抗疫优等生”的越南没能抵挡住德尔塔毒株的入侵,每日新增病例连续16天破四位数;泰国、新加坡和马来西亚等国也在和德尔塔作斗争,但还是迎来了疫情的新高峰。

在此情形下,6月底,马来西亚宣布无限期“封国”,芯片厂全部停工,这将导致全球芯片荒愈演愈烈。毕竟,马来西亚封测产能占全球总产能的13%,是全球半导体产品第七大出口国。目前英特尔、意法半导体、德州仪器等50家国际半导体制造商,都在当地设厂。

7月开始,越南河内和胡志明等重要城市也实施了“封城”,绝大多数行业都陷入停摆的状态,耐克、阿迪达斯等跨国公司在当地的代工厂基本停工。越南纺织服装协会表示,这一轮疫情严重冲击越南服装业,据其预计,最乐观的情况下,今年越南服装出口额至多是330亿美元,低于此前390亿美元的目标。

8月菲律宾部分地区采取了为期两周的封锁措施,每周经济损失预计达1500亿比索(约合194亿元人民币)。以旅游业为支柱产业的泰国也将高危地区的封锁时间延长到8月底等等。

如此一来,东南亚国家最新交出的成绩单都“惨不忍睹”,越南、泰国、菲律宾、缅甸、马来西亚、印尼8月制造业PMI全部跌破50的枯荣线,例如,越南PMI连续三个月下降至40.2,菲律宾跌至46.4,为2020年5月来低位等等。

甚至高盛7月的一份报告便下调了东南亚五国经济预期:将马来西亚今年的GDP增速预期下调至4.9%,印尼下调至3.4%,菲律宾下调至4.4%,泰国下调至1.4%。抗疫形势较好的新加坡则降至6.8%。

意识到封锁措施的代价是经济滑坡之后,东南亚国家决定“负重前行”,冒险解封,开放经济。

9月13日,印尼宣布将巴厘岛限制级别调降为三级;泰国积极开放旅游业,从10月1日起,接种疫苗的旅客可以前往曼谷、清迈和芭堤雅等旅游胜地;越南从本月中旬开始逐步解封,不再执着于清零病毒,而是和病毒共存;马来西亚也慢慢放宽防疫措施,还决定推动“旅游泡泡”……

分析指出,东南亚国家采取封锁措施,势必影响经济增长,但放弃封锁,重新开放经济,又意味着要承受更大的风险。目前东南亚国家接种率远远落在发达国家后头,例如,印尼和菲律宾仅有10%左右的人口接种疫苗,而越南接种率不到2%。

 

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