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中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了

中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了
2,880

 

中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了

今年對於印度軍隊來說是意義重大的一年,因為經歷了漫長建造周期、前後經歷三次下水的「維克蘭特」號航母終於完成了海試,距離最後的服役只剩下了一步之遙。印度海軍相關人員在八月份「維克蘭特」號航母完成海試之後也向媒體表示,這次「維克蘭特號」航母對船體、電力推進系統及其他輔助設備等都進行了測試,最終結果令人十分滿意。該消息對於印度國民無異於一劑強心針,被漫長建造周期折磨到幾近神經衰弱的印度網民甚至大言不慚地在社交媒體上表示「維克蘭特」號航母完全可以抗衡遼寧艦,並且順帶扯出了一個老生常談的問題:印度媒體宣傳稱中國花1000萬才解決的航母難題,印度只用2萬就解決了。

中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了

事實上,這個問題就是航母艦載機牽引車的選擇。以美國的艦載機牽引車為例,其採用的A/S32 A31型牽引車外觀小巧,最大限度地降低了對航母甲板的占用,並且因為重心很低,保證了在惡劣海況下依然可以進行艦載機牽引作業,除此之外,在動力方面採用了穩定性更好,適用範圍更廣的液壓傳動以及柴油發動機,可以實現自動調節牽引速度和無級變速,產生的衝擊力更小,可以最大限度地保護嬌貴的艦載機不受損害。

當然,性能優秀的艦載機牽引車價格極為昂貴,A/S32 A—31型牽引車單台造價近千萬美元。中國自行研發和生產的艦載機牽引車價格也超過了千萬人民幣,倘若對研發費用進行平攤,這個價格恐怕會更高。這也就是印度媒體口中所謂中國花費千萬解決的難題。

中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了

而對於印度人來說,既沒有足夠的經費採購專用的艦載機牽引車,也沒有技術儲備來自行研製,只好尋找廉價的替代品——採購價格僅為兩萬美元的拖拉機。這一低廉的價格就是印度宣傳的主要突破口。無論是剛退役不久的「維拉特」號航母,還是目前在役的「維克拉瑪蒂亞」號航母,都在使用拖拉機充當艦載機牽引車,倘若2022年初「維克蘭特」號航母順利入役,其所使用的艦載機牽引車自然還是拖拉機。

然而事實並非印度媒體和印度網民宣傳得如此。又高又大、作業時振動劇烈的拖拉機固然廉價易得,但是粗放的作業過程無疑會給艦載機造成損傷,也無法適應惡劣的海況,這一潛在的風險對於嬌貴的航母艦載機是無法承受的,但是對於印度來說這是唯一的選擇,究其原因,就是印度極為落後的軍工生產體系。

中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了

自上世紀五十年代從英國購買了「大力神」號航母,並在六十年代初期改造並命名為「維克蘭特」號航母以來,印度就成為了第二次世界大戰後第一個擁有航母的亞洲國家,從這個角度來說,印度是現代航母使用經驗最為豐富的亞洲國家。

初代「維克蘭特」號航母自1961年3月進入現役以來就成為了印度海軍的頂樑柱,不僅承擔起了培養航母使用專業人才的作用,還成為了印度海軍的絕對主力,先後經歷了包括印巴戰爭在內的多次局部戰爭和武裝衝突,期間也進行了多次升級,最後縫縫補補直至1997年1月退役。就在初代「維克蘭特」號航母退役後不久,1999年印度議會批准了自造航母的計劃,並將其再次命名為「維克蘭特」號,可謂是承載了印度全國對於自造航母的最大期望。

然而理想很豐滿,現實卻十分骨感,有著長達五十多年航母使用經驗的印度在航母建造上卻是一張白紙,無論是船舶製造業還是軍工產業都無法支撐其一艘航母的設計和建造任務,即使二代「維克蘭特」號航母僅僅是一艘排水量四萬噸的輕型航母。

中國花1000萬,印度用2萬!解決航母大難題,印度人又驕傲了

2002年初,印度海軍開始國產航母的自建計劃,按當時的規劃,這艘被寄予厚望的國產航母應於2008年前後建成。然而直到2021年8月4日,「維克蘭特」號航母才開始首次海上試航,並在8月8日,在喀拉拉邦科欽海岸附近完成首次海上試驗。而根據美國軍事媒體《海軍新聞》援引印度軍方相關人士的消息,這艘工期延誤了長達13年的航母將在2022年年初進入印度海軍服役,屆時印度將再次擁有日思夜想的雙航母編隊。

然而這艘讓印度政府和軍方振奮的航母不僅僅會面臨著服役即落後的窘境,還有可能會因為各個子系統之間的不成熟而導致戰鬥力大打折扣。這一點從艦載機牽引車的選擇上就可以窺見端倪。很難想像擁有如此落後軍工生產體系的印度何來勇氣長期執行擴張型對外戰略,更何況新的時代環境已經證明了這種對外戰略的失敗之處,唯有合作共贏才是唯一的出路,一昧地窮兵黷武只會越陷越深,最終被人類文明發展的歷程所拋棄,而印度很顯然在這個道路上已經越走越遠了。

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