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美媒稱阿富汗崩潰對韓國是警醒:盟友價值不是永遠不變的 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

美媒稱阿富汗崩潰對韓國是警醒:盟友價值不是永遠不變的

美媒稱阿富汗崩潰對韓國是警醒:盟友價值不是永遠不變的
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美国国家利益网站近日刊文称,阿富汗的崩溃对韩国来说是一个警醒,那就是美国外交政策不是不变的,盟友的战略价值也不是不变的。

文章称,二十年后,阿富汗战争以塔利班的胜利告终。多名美国分析人士已经在评论美国在阿富汗的军事战略出了什么问题,但很少有人评估战争的结束对韩国意味着什么。

美韩联合军演

美国为何决定从阿富汗撤军?也许最简单的答案是,“美国不再认为有必要留在阿富汗了。”

说得更直白点,在某个时候,阿富汗失去了作为美国伙伴的用处,促使美国各届政府决定,即使阿富汗政府垮台,撤军对美国外交政策利益的影响也将是有限的。

过去七十年来,韩国一直是美国的军事盟友。双边联盟是如何持续这么久的?

是因为缅怀朝鲜战争期间美军士兵的鲜血和牺牲吗?美韩防务条约具有约束力的法律承诺?

文章自问自答说,当然,这是两个重要因素,但美韩联盟之所以能持续这么长时间,很大程度上是因为美国的大多数决策者都看到了保持韩国作为盟友的战略价值。

韩国一直是美国的军事盟友

文章称,对韩国政府而言,与美国结盟的重要性自建国以来就显而易见。然而,韩国政府面临着向美国证明其联盟价值的任务。七十年来,韩国完成了这一任务,从此结盟延续到今天。

文章称,然而,从阿富汗战争的教训来看,韩国的困境在于,美国的外交政策经历了干预和脱离的循环。过去二十年来,美国的外交政策主张对阿富汗进行干预,并鼓励美国盟友参与。韩国在阿富汗的维和行动中也发挥了有限的作用。

文章认为,美国从阿富汗脱离接触可能不会严重影响远离该地区的韩国。然而,韩国应该关注的是美国对华外交政策的未来。

文章称,美国政府目前正在采取强硬的外交政策举措,以遏制中国崛起。美国还鼓励美国盟友也参与其中。

美韩联合军演

接下来,文章的作者发出一连串疑问:

但美国与中国的对抗还要持续多久?未来的美国政府最终会不会感到“霸权疲劳”,与中国谈判退出亚太,或者至少分割中国在该地区的势力范围?美国可能会在战术上退出与中国的竞争,但中国的地理邻国韩国呢?如果韩国的主要架构师在未来暂停这项努力,韩国会为被视为所谓的“遏制中国”战略的积极参与者付出什么代价?

文章称,目前,在韩国国内,政策制定者和政策专家之间进行了一场相应的外交政策辩论,支持与美国结盟的强硬对华政策,以及支持战略模糊的政策制定者或者在中美竞争之间进行对冲。

文章称,虽然支持加强美韩联盟与合作的论点有其道理,但韩国决策者确定美国在该地区的长期承诺也至关重要。

一些分析人士警告说,韩国的外交政策有落后于美国的风险,阿富汗战争结束的教训可能是一个警告,韩国应避免在地缘政治冲突领域过早地领先于美国的外交政策。

韩国国内普遍存在的谬论是假设美国外交政策的不变性。事实上,美国的外交政策已经并将可能继续在主动和被动方式之间交替。韩国未来面临的挑战是如何应对其主要盟友外交政策的“潮起潮落”,以及在对华外交中的主动与被动交替。

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