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美軍測試尖端智腦,「飛行終結者」即將問世,人類或對戰機械大軍 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

美軍測試尖端智腦,「飛行終結者」即將問世,人類或對戰機械大軍

美軍測試尖端智腦,「飛行終結者」即將問世,人類或對戰機械大軍
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說起智腦、自主軍用機器人、飛行終結者……你首先會想到什麼?恐怕是一些科幻作品中的場景吧。可是,過去出現在科幻作品中的一幕幕景象,如今正在逐步變為現實。美國空軍研究實驗室於5月5日發表公告稱,「空中博格」項目的領導小組,已經於4月29日在佛羅里達州的廷德爾空軍基地,首次對「由人工智慧驅動的計算機大腦」的自主核心系統,進行了2小時10分鐘的飛行測試。而搭載這套「智腦」系統的無人機,則是由「奎托斯」公司研製的UTAP-22戰術無人機。

美軍測試尖端智腦,「飛行終結者」即將問世,人類或對戰機械大軍

「空中博格」項目是美國空軍研究實驗室的三個「先鋒」項目之一,該項目由三個部分組成,分別是:低成本無人機;充當無人機「智腦」的「由人工智慧驅動的計算機大腦」的自主核心系統;以及正在進行的實驗活動。此次「智腦」系統的首次飛行測試,可以說是整個項目里程碑式的跨越。美國空軍准將戴爾·懷特表示:「我們對早期版本『智腦』的成功測試感到非常興奮,這是整個項目非常重要的一步。這些最初的飛行試驗活動,將繼續使自主核心系統成熟並建立對該系統的信任。」

美軍測試尖端智腦,「飛行終結者」即將問世,人類或對戰機械大軍

美軍自「海灣戰爭」開始,就一直在追求所謂的「零傷亡戰爭」。時至今日,「零傷亡戰爭」也沒有得以百分之百的實現。不過,美國對外發動的歷次戰爭來看,海空軍、無人武器以及尖端制導武器的利用比例飛速提升,而傳統的地面武器則在逐步減少。就人員傷亡而言,確實比傳統的戰爭模式大大降低。進入21世紀後,以美國國防高級研究計劃局、美國空軍研究實驗室為首的大批研究機構,在人工智慧和無人技術方面投入了巨大力量,為的就是實現最終的無人化戰爭,將前線的危險任務全部交給自主軍用機器人來完成。以美國空軍為例,其正在進行「空中博格」項目、「忠誠僚機」項目以及「空戰演進」項目均已在人工智慧和無人技術方面取得了突破性進展,未來極有可能出現人類以血肉之軀對戰機械大軍的場景。

美軍測試尖端智腦,「飛行終結者」即將問世,人類或對戰機械大軍

這絕不是危言聳聽,如果你對於「智腦」的印象還停留在「阿爾法狗」大戰世界圍棋冠軍柯潔的時代,那只能說明你遠遠低估了「智腦」的強大。在美國國防高級研究計劃局主導的「空戰演進」項目中,由蒼鷺系統公司研發的「智腦」算法,進行了40億次的模擬空戰,獲得了相當於至少「12年資深戰鬥機飛行員的經驗」。並在後來舉辦的「阿爾法狗斗」模擬空戰比賽上,以5:0的戰績,吊打了美國空軍的資深F-16飛行員。賽後在採訪蒼鷺系統公司的研發人員以及美軍空軍相關人員時,受訪者表示,「智腦」算法擁有「超人的瞄準能力」,而且它不會感到恐懼,可以飛出一些人類飛行員無法做到的動作,這些都是其優勢所在。

美軍測試尖端智腦,「飛行終結者」即將問世,人類或對戰機械大軍

根據美國空軍官方新聞稿件的描述,這次「智腦」系統的首次飛行測試,是為了測試各種「系統運行所必需的基礎行為能力」,也就是在定義區域內,讓「智腦」系統進行一系列相對基本的操作,來安全地控制UTAP-22戰術無人機。根據地面機載和地面指揮控制站的反饋,該系統展示了基本的航空能力,並對導航命令做出了反應,同時遵守了飛機的相關飛行規定,並演示了協調機動。可以說,一名飛行員應該掌握的基本要領,系統幾乎已經全部掌握了。至於剩下的只需交給時間,以「阿爾法狗斗」模擬空戰比賽的結果來看,「飛行終結者」的誕生或許在你我有生之年就能看到。

正如前文所言,「空中博格」項目也好,「智腦」自主核心系統也罷,只是空軍內部以及美國軍方其他地方正在進行的眾多項目之一。其重點是先進的自主技術、無人技術、人工智慧和機器學習技術等等。此次飛行測試令美國空軍雄心勃勃的計劃向前邁出了令人振奮的一步,未來甚至可能會改變空軍的作戰方式。究竟是人類的智慧將百尺竿頭更進一步,還是機器力量最終將取代人類,我們只能拭目以待。

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