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中國第3款隱身戰鬥機:成飛秘密研發20余年,比殲20更輕 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

中國第3款隱身戰鬥機:成飛秘密研發20余年,比殲20更輕

中國第3款隱身戰鬥機:成飛秘密研發20余年,比殲20更輕
9,901

目前,我国已经拥有了两款隐身战斗机,一款是老熟人——重型机歼20,另一个则是还未转正的中型隐身战机FC31。

中国第3款隐身战斗机:成飞秘密研发20余年,比歼20更轻

而成飞公布了一组纪念胸针徽章,上面有五款战机,其中四款都是我们所熟知的机型,唯有一款从未出现的飞机,这不禁让人疑惑:难道这是第3款国产隐身机?

最近,轻型隐身战斗机在世界航空界闹得沸沸扬扬,美国空军对于新锐隐身战斗机F-35牢骚满腹,不满意其高昂的使用成本,但是也对便宜耐用的F-16表示了担忧,毕竟剩余寿命不多,或许更好的办法就是研发一款具备F-35战斗机隐身,而且重量尺寸和F-16战斗机相当的廉价隐身战斗机。

其实,轻型隐身战斗机的研发,中国早有预案,成都飞机设计所2000年后曾经提出了一款单发轻型隐身战斗机方案,专门用于外贸,内部称为“小四”。

于是,在“轻型隐身战机”的潮流下,军迷对成飞“小四”的期待又增加了。

“小四”当年主要用于隐身重型歼击机竞标失败后的备胎,一方面为成都所提供一个隐身战斗机试验技术平台,另外一方面为单位继续开辟全新的经济来源,毕竟外销的枭龙战斗机技术水平实在太低。

中国第3款隐身战斗机:成飞秘密研发20余年,比歼20更轻

就隐身战斗机研发而言,成飞无疑是对美国技术跟踪最努力的一个,“成洛马”名不虚传。

上世纪90年代开始,美国航空工业率先掌握了高机动双发隐身战斗机技术,从此隐身不再严重限制战斗机机动性,F-22横空出世。

但是,单发隐身战斗机就像魔鬼一样,很快将美国航空界诱惑了,研发的结果就是MRF战斗机计划,主要要求是飞机像F-16战斗机一样轻巧,但是具备F-22战斗机类似的隐身性能,也具备1.4马赫的超音速巡航性能,而且采用了推力矢量技术,机动性非常高。

中国第3款隐身战斗机:成飞秘密研发20余年,比歼20更轻

肥电F35

但是谁都想不到,美国空军的单发多用途战斗机计划,在冷战后消减经费的要求下,变成一个三军统一的研发项目,很快就变得面目全非,最终糅合了海军陆战队的短距起飞和垂直降落功能,以及海军的舰载要求之后,最终战斗机开始不断增肥变成“球形”外表,最终获得了“肥电”的蔑称。

在美国空军放弃MRF战斗机计划,并一步步演变成JSFF-35战斗机的过程中,成都所的设计师也注意到了美国多个MRF战斗机设计的优点。

中国第3款隐身战斗机:成飞秘密研发20余年,比歼20更轻

上图就是波音公司的方案,听说和成飞小四很近似,让我们看看这个飞机的参数。

简单来看,挂载2发AIM9X空空导弹,2发GBU-32JDAM战斗机,重量2290磅,1030公斤,航电设备重量1598磅720公斤,非常重了。

飞机性能,海平面1.2马赫,内油6462磅,2.9吨,和歼10A战斗机和F-16战斗机一个量级,我们看到比较不寻常的是0.9马赫巡航,最大速度高达2.2,最大过载9G,还采用了固定式进气道!

发动机采用了一台PW-1442小涵道比涡扇发动机,最大加力推力为22350磅,10吨,起飞推重比1.03!可以说,飞机最大起飞重量只有10吨,很吓人了,喷管是二元推力矢量,飞机不带垂尾,这个构型红外特性更好,而且隐身也更加优秀,没有垂尾和平尾。

这个设计也有很多问题,比如飞机空重,只有12565磅,5.6吨,比我们国家枭龙战斗机还轻了800公斤,机翼面积301平方英尺,27平米,展弦比2.2,不算大,机翼前缘后掠角47.5和后缘17度。

成飞设计的话,飞机重量不会那么小,内油估计要增加到6吨量级,飞机会具有3000公里量级的航程,这种构型和沈飞的FC-31相比,具有无可比拟的优势,飞机阻力更小,重量更轻,价格更低,假如使用AL-31FN或者太行发动机的话,机动性就会比较差,速度也低,假如使用涡扇-15的话,最大起飞重量将可以达到20吨量级。

就中国单发轻型隐身战斗机而言,设计师可以提供最少3种基本构型,比如无尾三角翼构型,常规布局,鸭式布局,并结合腹部进气道,两侧进气道等,综合起来就有最少6种组合,再加上机翼形状变化,就有数十种选择,所以非常复杂。

中国第3款隐身战斗机:成飞秘密研发20余年,比歼20更轻

FC31外号“发财31”,指沈飞一直想打开外销之路,另一外号“废材31”反映军迷对其恨铁不成钢

目前沈飞的FC-31项目进展到现在,快到10年了,飞机存在众多问题,飞机空重极大,据说设计重量12.5吨,当然真实数据或许会更重一点,主要原因是,两台RD-93发动机总重量就达到了3.8吨,比美国F-35战斗机多了1.8吨,再加上差1吨左右的内油,同样多的设备,飞机总重将会超过F-35A战斗机的13.2吨,达到14吨也很有可能。

二者相比,成飞的小四采用了单台大推,假如拿到15吨推力的涡扇15,就可以彻底秒杀FC-31,性能逼近歼-20,就像美国空军F-16和F-15的搭配一样,假如就只有12.5吨的太行或者AL-31FN,飞机推比就很小,作为一款隐身攻击机更合适一些。

歼-20战斗机的成功,使得成飞成为亚洲第一家隐身战斗机制造商,因此,研发新一代单发隐身战斗机顺理成章,它比歼20更轻更便宜,在某种程度上也会更加实用。

但在当时,由于找不到合作伙伴和启动资金,最有可能的用户巴基斯坦支付枭龙战斗机费用后,就掏空了腰包,所以一直没有上马。

缺乏外部客户,那就转为内部技术项目,继续推进,设计师也没有放弃采用全新技术改造。有消息称,在2025年左右,前后研发25年的小四,很可能一举飞跃成为一款强悍的轻型隐身战斗机。

到时,小四和沈飞的FC-31外贸战斗机假如都面对国际市场,新一波南北大战,成飞能不能继续稳赢?而最近几年,成飞已经开始挨家推销轻型隐身战斗机,或许也会取得不少订单,保持技术先进性的同时也赚得盆满钵满。

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