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中國芯片的真正“命門”:芯片設計軟件EDA,突破它就成功了一半 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

中國芯片的真正“命門”:芯片設計軟件EDA,突破它就成功了一半

中國芯片的真正“命門”:芯片設計軟件EDA,突破它就成功了一半
2,510

图为华为

不久前,美国对中兴、华为等公司进行制裁的消息传来,犹如一盆冷水泼醒了国人,让我们意识到中国的芯片与西方发达国家有如此大的差距,也让我们开始疑问为什么芯片会被美国限制?绝大多数人会说“我们缺少光刻机”,但是事实真的是这样吗?

在2018年的时候,科技日报总结了我国35项被美国“卡脖子”的技术和装备,报告指出,除了光刻机、光刻胶之外,还包括核心工业设计软件,比如芯片制造的EDA工具,这是令华为感到最为头疼难以解决的问题,因为EDA软件的限制使用,直接导致华为海思麒麟芯片的设计能力受到影响,就是这个不起眼的东西,产生的威胁让人难以想到。

图为海思

什么是EDA软件?所谓的EDA软件指的是工业软件的英文缩写,中文名称是“电子设计自动化”,这种软件最早是被美国发明出来,现在最大EDA设计商也是美国,其三大厂商几乎垄断了全球超过90%的市场份额,外国要想改变市场份额相当困难。

那么工业软件到底有多重要?举个例子,比如我们想要建设一栋大楼,不过首先得要有设计图纸,然后再由施工方根据这些图纸来进行大楼的建设,其中碰到一些比较简单的建筑可以用手绘的方式来绘制图纸,而遇到复杂的建筑模型时,用手工的方式就不行了,这时我们要依靠工业软件来进行绘制图纸。

同样地,制造芯片也需要这种软件,因为将芯片放大,你就会发现芯片中无数大大小小的晶体管排列形状,就像是城市中的高楼大厦一样有条不紊地分布着,而芯片都是纳米级别的,比较小,显然用手是无法设计这么多的集成电路的,只能通过工业软件来进行设计。

图为芯片放大结构

所以华为被限制使用EDA,意味着美国从芯片制造的源头给我们掐断了,更不用谈什么光刻机被垄断的事情!虽然我们已经意识到了这个问题,但是想要开发出可替代的软件可不是那么容易的,它需要开发工程师同时兼具数学、物理学、化学和工程学等多种学科知识,才能设计出能与美国媲美的工业软件,而我国的教育方向是重视应用科学,而基础科学就相对比较落后了,所以造成我国人才短缺的窘境。

面对工业软件被限制使用,我们也不是坐以待毙,华为开始与国内的哈尔滨工业大学以“耦合”的方式进行合作,相信未来华为一定披荆斩棘,再次“荣耀归来”。(清风)

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