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印度效仿中國建經濟特區,幾百個一個沒成!印度人一番話甚是唏噓 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

印度效仿中國建經濟特區,幾百個一個沒成!印度人一番話甚是唏噓

印度效仿中國建經濟特區,幾百個一個沒成!印度人一番話甚是唏噓
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  对于经济特区,我国人肯定不会陌生!从改革开放初期我国最早设立的四大经济特区外,到如今已经扩展到了7个,分别是深圳、珠海、汕头,厦门、海南、喀什、霍尔果斯经济特区。

  要说其中最成功最为国人自豪的那一定是深圳经济特区,从最初的“小渔村”到如今一跃成为国际化的大都市,可以说是创造了人类发展史上的奇迹。

  也似乎正因如此,我国经济特区的成功经验被许多国家所羡慕,并纷纷效仿。就像今天要说的这个国家,最早在2000年,就把经济特区的概念引入到国内,那么现在其境内拥有多少个特区呢?

  截至2018年1月,该国特区的数量达到夸张的423个。要知道我们国家到目前为止,加上新建的喀什和霍尔果斯经济特区,也只有7个,也就是说,这里的特区,比我们国家现在还要多出60倍,这真的是一件让人难以想象的事情。

  这个国家你可能已经猜到了,没错!正是我们的邻居——印度。许多印度商界有识之士都认为,40年前印度的整体经济实力与中国相当,而现在由于经济改革不力、制造业不发达、产品缺乏竞争力,已经远远落后于中国。

  为此,印度前工商部部长马朗早在2000年就宣布,将以中国特区为模式建立印度式特区。自那以后,印度一直没有停止关于经济特区的讨论,并且还为此出台了印度首部《经济特区法》。

  要想知道什么是印度模式特区,作为它们的“老师”首先简单介绍一下我国经济特区模式,据城市规划专家介绍,作为中国最早的城市规划方案,有许多地方借鉴了美国、苏联。

  不过,最后我们比较成功的城市,还是按照我们中国自己总结出来的经验建设的,比如深圳。我国总结出来的一套经验就是,规划新城的选址得远离老城。在此之前,一般的城市规划方案就是从一个老城不断扩张出去,在原来老城市中心的基础上,然后不断地扩展工业区、居住区。这样做成本最少,可以依托老城比较完备的基础设施。

  我国深圳特区这套成功的经验模式,在后来为很多城市提供了范本。比如说上海浦东,当时世界银行还对此不看好,说上海建浦东一定会失败,应该扩展上海老城区。老城区这么好的城市基础,你为什么不在这里发展?结果我们可以看到,上海建浦东是非常成功的。

  那什么是印度模式特区呢?简单来讲,与其他国家的特区不同,印度的特区有自己的特色和模式,这一模式以重在南亚地区为特征,希望利用这一模式经济特区扩大与周边国家的区域经济合作。

  不过印度批了几百个特区,到今天没有一个建成功的,更不用说比肩深圳、上海了,曾经有亲眼见识到过上海的印度朋友是这样形容两国之间的差距的,“上海这座城市很漂亮,可能领先印度几百年”!

  想来印度人这番话也甚是唏嘘,那么同是建设经济特区为何两国所取得的成效会差距如此之大呢?

  分析认为,因为在当时印度土地是私有制的,政府想要征地开发是一件非常困难的事情。首先私人土地为什么一定要卖给政府,当然是竞价拍卖了,价高者得。如果政府采取强硬措施就跟你玩命,这就在无形中给政府的开发成本设置了极高门槛。

  我们国家政府在拿地之后,会去投资修路、管线、学校、医院等基础设施,你有看到哪个私人开发商拿地以后会投资建设这些?一般都是商业开发。

  印度政府如果按市场机制征地,造价会非常昂贵,没有任何政府使用这一模式能够完成基础设施的建设。你又不能对城市公路收费,也不能说这座城市已经修好了好几条公路,我们一到城里就要收费,根本不可能。不收费的话拿什么偿还高昂的造价成本?因此,印度从征用土地开始,就和中国处在不同层面。

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