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奧巴馬:美國不是世界警察,但願意保護中東的孩子 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

奧巴馬:美國不是世界警察,但願意保護中東的孩子

奧巴馬:美國不是世界警察,但願意保護中東的孩子
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特朗普在任期的最后阶段开始加速将海外驻军撤回,阿富汗、伊拉克,于是人们不禁发问,美国这是不再担任世界警察了吗?对此日本《产经新闻》10日发表了有关文章,作者日本立命馆大学客座教授宫家邦彦认为美军可能不会缩小在中东的驻军规模,因为这可能导致权力的真空,以及对美国在亚太的布局造成影响。

一些观点认为美国未来会把军事力量集中在亚太地区,但中东的驻军关乎地区稳定,也事关东亚盟友,因此美国不太可能将其在中东的力量撤出。保留在海湾地区的驻军并非经济合理性决定的,而是地缘政治决定的。

日前美国国防部宣布,将从明年年初开始撤走或重新部署美国在索马里的大部分驻军,继削减阿富汗和伊拉克美军后,现任总统特朗普再次用实际行动证明了他履行海外撤军的承诺。一些人认为这可能是继2013年奥巴马宣布宣布“美国不再担任世界警察”的后续,但事实上这只是截取了奥巴马当时所说话的一半。

在“美国不再担任世界警察”之后,奥巴马还强调会为了保护中东的孩子不受化学武器威胁考虑对巴沙尔政府使用化学武器。显然,这句话不能理解为美国将从中东大规模撤军的信号。

时间回到美国页岩油技术取得突破那会儿,过去美国在中东驻军,施加影响力就是为了控制石油,但自页岩油技术突破后,美国开始有意减少在海湾的军事投入,从经济和石油需求角度看这样做确实符合美国经济和利益,但好景不长,全球石油价格开始下跌,美国的页岩油不具备经济和竞争优势,在2019年美国终于从石油进口国转而成为了出口国,但情况不会一直持续下去,这意味着美国得不到重回海湾,继续对这里的石油开采国施压。

此外,从中东撤军会导致地区局势动荡,欧洲以及美国在东亚的盟友都不愿意见到中东混乱,对于日本、韩国以及菲律宾,中东是重要的能源供应地,一旦美国的海湾驻军和第五舰队撤离,不确定性上升,这不利于美国巩固盟友关系,这一点是和拜登的外交主张相悖的,若美国削减在海湾地区的驻军,这将削弱同盟关系,没有了东亚盟国,美国也将无力威慑中国,因此美国必须保留在海湾地区的驻军,这并非经济合理性决定的(美海外驻军需要燃烧大量的军费),而是由地缘政治决定的。

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