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留給美國軍艦反應時間只有60秒?仿中國反艦導彈在紅海為何失手 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

留給美國軍艦反應時間只有60秒?仿中國反艦導彈在紅海為何失手

留給美國軍艦反應時間只有60秒?仿中國反艦導彈在紅海為何失手
3,828

 2016年10月份,发生了一起战例。胡塞武装在红海海峡向正在巡航的美国军舰梅森号导弹驱逐舰发射了反舰导弹攻击。而且这些导弹攻击不是单一攻击,是接连数日连续向美国军舰发动空袭。截止到10月15日,美国海军承认在4天内至少遭遇了胡塞武装的三枚导弹袭击。按照梅森号的说法,美军启动了反导拦截程序,并施放电子干扰,使空袭的导弹坠海或者被拦截,而美舰是毫发无损。

  美国海军梅森号驱逐舰

  胡塞武装接受的是伊朗的训练和武器援助这是众所周知的,而胡塞武装组织发射的诺尔反舰导弹来自伊朗,诺尔导弹则是中国C802反舰导弹的仿制版。所以曾经有段时间国际上对中国反舰导弹的战斗力有所质疑。但实际上这个战局结果很正常。

  山寨中国的伊朗诺尔反舰导弹

  原版的C802导弹在他的主人手里更强,来几次齐射豪华阵容,估计美国佬当场就去喂鱼了

  客观一点说,自从1967年中东战争中反舰导弹开始加入战局后,各国海军对反舰导弹的威胁就十分重视。尤其是马岛战争以后,当时还处于近海防御的中国海军都考虑导弹威胁。更何况是全世界最强大的美国海军。梅森号是美国海军阿利伯克级战舰,在当时具有极强的反导作战能力,特别是在一个敌对高度警戒的海区,对防空是早有准备,靠个位数的导弹是不可能击中美国军舰。

  我们可以看一下相关媒体透露的信息进行分析。当时新闻报道说美军舰发现导弹来袭以后立刻进入反导流程作战。在施放电子干扰的同时,连续发射了3枚舰对空导弹。两枚是“标准”导弹,一枚是海麻雀导弹。

  美国的标准2导弹拦截对方失败

  但美国一直没有公开这次作战的细节,所以诸多作战内容都是靠现有的资讯进行推测。可以确定是有两枚诺尔导弹没有击中梅森号驱逐舰,两枚“标准2”导弹拦截失败,以及一枚海麻雀导弹成功拦截了来袭的反舰导弹。最后一枚诺尔导弹有没有受到电子干扰后坠海则没有被公布结果。

  诺尔导弹受到电子干扰以后坠海,这个结果非常正常。因为从上世纪我国的C802导弹研制出来以后就一直出口到现在。配备的是单脉冲末制导雷达。它的抗干扰能力比苏联的冥河反舰导弹要强许多,但它的制导能力仍然比较单一。而且伊朗人仿制该导弹以后,没有对其制导雷达进行技术升级,所以美国海军对其用雷达诱饵将其引开也是意料中。

  倒是梅森号的导弹拦截耐人寻味。先是2枚“标准”导弹升空拦截,接着又发射了一枚海麻雀点防御导弹。这在美国海军中是是标准反导程序,在世界各国海军中也是如此,但2枚“标准”导弹拦截失败让人有点意外。因为“标准2”导弹自从研发出来以后就不断升级换代,美国人将其吹嘘得天花乱舞。这么先进的技术水平却根本没打中目标,有点让人汗颜。

  但也有专家认为不是因为电子干扰让袭击的诺尔导弹已经坠海,所以“标准”导弹没有打中目标。因为美国海军没打算在电子对抗这种软手段上全部押宝赌一把。另外补充发射了一枚海麻雀导弹说明很可能还有一枚诺尔导弹紧跟着来袭。

  海麻雀导弹不负所望,成功拦截了诺尔导弹

  标准导弹拦截失败和宙斯盾雷达效能打折扣,其实是因为其天然缺陷造成的。因为地球是个曲线,舰艇雷达目前最多是40千米探测距离,再远一点就要靠其他手段了。导弹拦截也遇到同样问题。早期的苏联冥河导弹巡航高度是300米,这个现在还比较容易拦截。诺尔导弹巡航高度是贴近海面20米,第二次调整姿态以后是距离海面5米。这绝对给那些防空舰艇出了大难题。而且当时梅森号是单舰作战,一点安全感都没有。如果有美国航母编队撑腰,那么梅森号会有预警机的支持和编队当中其他舰艇补充预警。但它当时没有这个条件,它是单独在红海战巡。梅森号要独自完成预警,跟踪识别和发射导弹拦截。留给美国军舰的时间只有60秒完成拦截。所以说,美国军舰标准导弹拦截诺尔导弹失败的原因就在于此:预警时间太短,单舰孤军深入敌境作战。加上对方反舰导弹的贴近海面飞行加深了拦截难度。

  海麻雀导弹的拦截成功倒是不负美国海军的希望。这次梅森号驱逐舰只发射了一枚海麻雀导弹,可以看出美国海军对其拦截导弹的能力十分具有信心。这枚防空导弹的机动过载高达50G,诺尔导弹其实没有多少机会能突防其封锁。

  阿联酋的迅捷号运输舰是另一主角,它直接被穿了个大洞,侥幸逃跑成功。

  不过广大读者们也不必失望。因为还是在2016年10月初,地点还是在红海,这种山寨中国C802的反舰导弹把阿联酋的“迅捷”号军舰直接给重创了。迅捷号是原美国高速运输船,用国产研发导弹打美国军舰还是很理想的嘛。参考资料《胡塞武装反舰导弹袭击》有什么意见,欢迎在下方留言讨论!(请支持毅品文团队的各种原创文章及实体书,独立专业有种有料)

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