随着我国空间站的“天和”核心舱投入使用，“问天”实验舱也进入了发射倒计时，我们也成为了世界上第三个能够独立研究和制造空间站的国家。在“神舟十二号”和“神舟十三号”升空之后，我们已经成功将六名航天员送进了空间站中。目前太空中已经有一个国际空间站了，为何中国又要自行大费周章地建造一个空间站呢？不可以加入国际空间站吗？这个问题在美版知乎上引起了热议，让我们来看看民间网友的观点。

In the “The Martian,” a hit sci-fi novel and recent blockbuster movie, there’s a moment where NASA launches a rocket full of supplies to Mark Watney, an astronaut stranded on Mars.

热门科幻电影《火星救援》(the Martian)中，美国宇航局(NASA)向滞留在火星上的宇航员马克·沃特尼(Mark Watney)发射了一枚装满物资的火箭。

Unfortunately for Watney, the rocket blows up and NASA doesn’t have a backup — and without new supplies Watney will slowly starve to death on the red planet.

对马克来说不幸的是，火箭爆炸了，美国宇航局没有后援——如果没有新的补给，沃特尼将在这颗红色星球上慢慢饿死。

China’s space agency sees the tragic news, however, and offers its Taiyang Shen space probe rocket to NASA. They do this through a gentleman’s agreement between scientists to bypasses lawmaker and red tape. That way, the US space agency can get another shot at saving Watney’s life.

然而，中国航天局看到了这一悲惨的消息，并向美国宇航局提供了“太阳神”太空探测火箭。他们通过科学家之间的君子协定来做到这一点，以绕过立法者和繁文缛节。这样，美国航天局就可以再一次拯救沃特尼的生命。

This collaboration between supposedly bitter national rivals sounds great in theory, but is it possible?

两国之间的这种合作理论上听起来很棒，但真的可能吗?

Tyson is correct to think this strategy would never work, at least not today. The reason is because, in 2011, Congress passed a spending bill that expressly forbids NASA from working with China, citing a high risk of espionage.

泰森认为这种策略永远不会奏效是正确的，至少在今天不会。原因是，在2011年，国会通过了一项开支法案，以j谍活动的高风险为由，明确禁止NASA与中国合作。

What’s more, it doesn’t sound like the attitudes of US lawmakers toward the People’s Republic of China are changing anytime soon.

更重要的是，听起来美国立法者对某东方大国的态度并没有很快改变。

A 2015 report from the University of California called “China Dream, Space Dream” concludes that: “China’s efforts to use its space program to transform itself into a military, economic, and technological power may come at the expense of U.S. leadership and has serious implications for U.S. interests.”

加州大学 2015年的一份名为《中国梦，太空梦》的报告总结道：“中国利用其太空计划将自己转变为军事、经济和技术强国的努力可能会以牺牲美国的领导地位为代价，并严重影响 对美国利益的影响。”

It will take a big policy shift to change that sentiment and foster collaboration between NASA and the China National Space Administration (CNSA). One of the biggest collaborative projects in which NASA is involved is the International Space Station (ISS). It’s a space station built and maintained by the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.

要改变这种看法，促进NASA和中国国家航天局(CNSA)之间的合作，需要一个重大的政策转变。美国宇航局参与的最大的合作项目之一是国际空间站(ISS)。这是一个由美国、俄罗斯、欧洲、日本和加拿大建造和维护的空间站。

China, however, is banned from involvement in the ISS, thanks to US lawmakers. But CNSA seems to be doing just fine on its own. Since its founding in 1993, the Chinese space agency has launched 10 people and a small space station into orbit, among other missions.

然而，多亏了美国立法者，中国被禁止参与国际空间站的工作。但中国国家航天局似乎靠自己做得很好。自1993年成立以来，中国航天局已经将10人和一个小型空间站送入轨道，并执行了其他任务。

China’s successes in space have impressed NASA enough to broach the topic of collaboration several times at the White House. But according to space policy expert John Logsdon, getting the US to work together with China on spaceward missions will take a long policy battle.

中国在太空的成功给美国国家航空航天局留下了深刻的印象，以至于多次在白宫提出合作的话题。但据太空政策专家约翰·洛格斯登(John Logsdon)表示，让美国与中国在太空任务上合作将是一场长期的政策斗争。

“The first step is the White House working with congressional leadership to get current, unwise restrictions on such cooperation revoked,” Logsdon told Space.com. “Then, the United States can invite China to work together with the United States and other spacefaring countries on a wide variety of space activities and, most dramatically, human spaceflight.”

洛格斯登告诉Space.com:“第一步是白宫与国会领导层合作，撤销目前对此类合作不明智的限制。”“然后，美国可以邀请中国与美国和其他航天国家在各种各样的航天活动上合作，最引人注目的是人类航天。”

NASA could have much to gain in the future in working with China. China became the third country ever to successfully launch humans into space, behind Russia and the US, and it’s made much progress since.

在未来与中国的合作中，NASA可能会有很多收获。中国成为第三个成功将人类送入太空的国家，仅次于俄罗斯和美国，自那以来，中国取得了很大的进步。

Two years ago, CNSA landed a small telescope on the moon, which is still up there taking crystal-clear images of the cosmos (because Earth’s dirty atmosphere isn’t in the way). The agency also operates its own space lab called Tiangong 1, is testing powerful new rockets, and has ambitious plans to land more probes on the moon and perhaps a colony there one day.

两年前，中国国家航天局在月球上降落了一个小型望远镜，它仍然在那里拍摄宇宙的清晰图像(因为地球肮脏的大气层不碍事)。该机构还运营着自己的空间实验室“天宫一号”，正在测试强大的新型火箭，并有雄心勃勃的计划，要在月球上着陆更多的探测器，也许有一天会在月球上建立殖民地。

If CNSA’s progress in space exploration and tech development isn’t a compelling enough reason to work with China, then NASA’s stunted budget offers another. More international collaboration could only be positive for a space agency that has faced budget cut after budget cut. President John F. Kennedy committed to a moon landing by the end of the 1960s, then Nixon took the helm and slammed on the brakes after a handful of crewed lunar missions.

如果说中国国家航空航天局在太空探索和技术发展方面取得的进展不足以成为与中国合作的一个令人信服的理由，那么美国国家航空航天局的预算不足则是另一个理由。更多的国际合作只会对面临一次又一次预算削减的太空机构有利。约翰·肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)总统在20世纪60年代末承诺登月，然后尼克松(Nixon)掌舵，在完成几次载人登月任务后急刹车。

As Logsdon writes in an article for NASA:

洛格斯登在为美国宇航局写的一篇文章中写道:

“Nixon rejected NASA’s ambitious post-Apollo plans, which included developing a series of large space stations, continued missions to the moon, and an initial mission to Mars in the 1980s,” Logsdon writes. “By the time Nixon left the White House, the NASA budget had fallen from its peak of almost 4% of the total federal budget to less than 1%.”

洛格斯登写道:“尼克松拒绝了NASA雄心勃勃的后阿波罗计划，其中包括开发一系列大型空间站，继续执行月球任务，以及在20世纪80年代的首次火星任务。”“尼克松离开白宫时，NASA的预算已经从占联邦预算总额的4%下降到不足1%。”

Some argue that we would already have sent humans to Mars if NASA had kept its momentum. More collaboration could help get NASA back on track. NASA administrator Charles Bolden event wrote in a recent blog post that he thinks more collaboration will help get us get boots on Mars:

一些人认为，如果美国宇航局保持势头，我们可能已经把人类送上了火星。更多的合作可以帮助NASA回到正轨。美国国家航空航天局局长查尔斯·博尔登在最近的一篇博客文章中写道，他认为更多的合作将有助于我们在火星上获得靴子:

A Journey such as this is something that no one person, crew, or Agency can undertake alone. […] A mission of this magnitude is made stronger with international partnership – the sort of spirit and cooperation that is demonstrated so vividly by the tens of thousands of people across 15 countries who have been involved in the development and operation of the International Space Station.

像这样的旅程并不是一个人，团队或机构能够独自完成的。[…[英语翻译这样重大的任务由于国际伙伴关系而变得更加强大，这种精神和合作在参与国际空间站的开发和运行的15个国家的成千上万人身上得到了生动的体现。

In fact, NASA just announced a partnership with the Israel Space Agency that will allow the two agencies to conduct joint missions and share research facilities. Some argue that we would already have sent humans to Mars if NASA had kept its momentum. More collaboration could help get NASA back on track.

事实上，美国宇航局刚刚宣布与以色列航天局建立合作关系，这将允许两家机构进行联合任务，并共享研究设施。一些人认为，如果美国宇航局保持势头，我们可能已经把人类送上了火星。更多的合作可以帮助NASA回到正轨。

I personally think it would be great to see a similar agreement with China some day soon — especially since the nation announced it’s seeking international partners to help build another space station in the 2020s (and the station sounds really cool). But again, current US law forbids NASA from helping out or getting involved at all.

我个人认为，如果有一天能和中国达成类似的协议，那就太好了——尤其是中国宣布将在21世纪20年代寻求国际合作伙伴来帮助建造另一个空间站(这个空间站听起来真的很酷)。但同样，美国现行法律禁止NASA帮助或参与。

Russia will only support the $100 billion space station until 2024, and that’s a huge problem because, right now, NASA relies on Russia’s rockets to get its astronauts into space. It’s unclear what NASA will do once Russia pulls out. Working with China and other nations to build a bigger and better space station would be a great option. Instead of two space stations, we could have one truly international station with the most brilliant scientists around the world working together.

俄罗斯只会在2024年之前支持这个价值1000亿美元的空间站，这是一个巨大的问题，因为目前，美国宇航局依靠俄罗斯的火箭将其宇航员送入太空。目前还不清楚一旦俄罗斯退出，美国宇航局会做什么。与中国和其他国家合作建设更大更好的空间站将是一个很好的选择。我们可以有一个真正的国际空间站，而不是两个空间站，由全世界最杰出的科学家共同工作。

It already seems like the two agencies do want to collaborate, since discussion of that possibility has reached the White House several times. US scientists have also openly criticized policy makers in the past for preventing Chinese scientists from attending space conferences. It seems like politics shouldn’t get in the way of pure scientific pursuit, but the reality is US lawmakers won’t allow collaboration with China because they are worried about national security and protecting state secrets. But who knows, if the two space agencies started working together, it might open up enough lines of communication between the US and China for the two nations to defrost their icy relationship.

看起来这两个机构确实想要合作，因为白宫已经多次讨论过这种可能性。 美国科学家过去也曾公开批评政策制定者阻止中国科学家参加太空会议。 看起来政治不应该妨碍纯粹的科学追求，但现实是美国立法者不会允许与中国合作，因为他们担心国家安全和保护国家机密。 但谁知道，如果这两个航天机构开始合作，它可能会在中美之间开辟足够的沟通渠道，让两国解冻冰冷的关系。

In the meantime China will continue to expand its space exploration efforts. Unless a big policy shift happens, NASA might have to sit on the sidelines while an incredible new chapter of space exploration begins.

与此同时，中国将继续扩大其太空探索努力。除非政策发生重大转变，否则在太空探索不可思议的新篇章开始之际，NASA可能不得不袖手旁观。

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America would not allow China into the ISS, so it’s more an American Space Station, so the ASS is being decommissioned in 2 years, then The CSS will be the only one in space…sadly no america are allowed in the CSS… which will be completed this year, they have the Mars Rover and building on the moon… cool

美国不会允许中国进入国际空间站，所以它更像是一个美国空间站，所以ASS将在两年内退役，然后CSS将是太空中唯一的一个，可悲的是，今年将完成CSS将不允许美国进入，他们有火星探测器和月球探测器。太酷了！

China is denied participation in ISS by USA. So they developed the ‘Tiangong’ (translate to mean Sky Palace) space station, launch using the long March rocket

中国被美国拒绝加入国际空间站。因此，他们开发了“天宫”(翻译的意思是天宫)空间站，使用长征火箭发射。

China is denied participation in EU’s Galileo GPS satellite despite having paid some money. So they went ahead to developed the ‘Beidou’ (translate to mean North Star) GPS aystem. All 59 satellite is in place. Most impressive for the system is China’s development of the atomic clock without assistance. Today, we have GPS system by usa, russia, eu and china. If you can agree with me, it is a huge waste that countries cannot trust one another.

中国被拒绝参与欧盟的伽利略GPS卫星，尽管已经支付了一些钱。因此，他们继续研发了“北斗”(意思是北极星)GPS系统。59颗卫星全部就位。该系统最令人印象深刻的是中国在没有帮助的情况下开发了原子钟。今天，我们有美国、俄罗斯、欧盟和中国的GPS系统。如果你同意我的观点，那就是国家之间不能相互信任是一种巨大的浪费。

China exclusion policy of NASA in 2011 means that proposed joint effort for space exploration between USA n China is still born. It is no wonder that China went on alone.

美国国家航空航天局2011年的排华政策意味着中美联合探索太空的提议仍然诞生了。中国独自前行也就不足为奇了。

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For many important reasons.

Success of a space program is immeasurable to the sense of pride and morale to a country. So too for China. It is a measure that their science is catching up, if not equal, to the West.

有很多重要的原因。
太空计划的成功对一个国家的自豪感和士气是不可估量的。中国也是如此。这是一种衡量，他们的科学正在赶上西方，如果不是平等的话。

But in today’s world, such program is more prosaic. . in fact, more impactful, utile and urgent. The space station is needed to conduct tests in space to prove scientific applications for a wide range of industries, specifically in nanotechnology.

但在当今世界，这样的工程就显得平淡无奇了。其实更有影响力，更实用，更紧迫。需要空间站在太空中进行测试，以证明科学应用于广泛的工业，特别是纳米技术。

We’re now on our 4th industrial revolution that is the building and integration of digital infrastructures, largely based on the building blocks of nanomaterials. Even more fundamental is that Moore’s law is at its physical limit with silicon. Our most advanced chip is at 2–5 nm, smaller than a virus and can’t get smaller than atomic size when a chip goes to 1 nm, if this is at all possible to manufacture. We need another nano options.

我们正在进行第四次工业革命，这是数字基础设施的建设和整合，主要是基于纳米材料的构建模块。更根本的是，摩尔定律在硅上达到了物理极限。我们最先进的芯片只有2-5纳米，比病毒还小，如果有可能制造的话，当芯片达到1纳米时，就不能小于原子尺寸了。我们需要另一种纳米选择。

Below is abstract of a project that must require test in space – the peculiarities of ground-based testing of nanomaterials and spacecraft nanoelements for their durability . . . ..to take into account quantum phenomena that determine initial properties of nanomaterials and nanostructures and possible changes in them. . . . in space.

以下是一个必须在太空中进行测试的项目的摘要——纳米材料和航天器纳米元素地基耐久性测试的特点.. . ..考虑到决定纳米材料和纳米结构的初始性质的量子现象，以及它们可能的变化. . . .在太空中。

Another reason is even more immediate – affecting today’s telecommunication and internet networks. . . . .and the fate and economies of nations.

另一个原因甚至是更直接的-影响今天的电信和互联网网络. . . . .和国家的命运和经济。

We’re now in the implementation stage for 5G which took more than 10 years to develop and which will be a quantum jump in processing speed (100x faster than 4G) and latency that is needed for implementation of AI and mass deployment of IoT.

我们现在正处于5G的实施阶段，5G的开发耗时超过10年，它将在处理速度(比4G快100倍)和延迟方面实现量子跳跃，这是实现AI和大规模部署物联网所需的。

Huawei, the owner of most 5G patents is already working on 6G which is expected to deliver another quantum advancement in the order 100x faster speed than 5G.

拥有大多数5G专利的华为已经在研究6G，预计它的速度将比5G快100倍。

This 6G technology will be “space-based”, integrating satellite and land-based communication networks. China launched last year a test 6G satellite, a demo of terahertz communication in space (6G is advancing from 5g millimeter wave to the terahertz freq band).

这种6G技术将是“天基”的，融合了卫星和陆基通信网络。中国去年发射了一颗测试6G卫星，这是太空中太赫兹通信的演示(6G正在从5g毫米波向太赫兹频段发展)。

This Tianyan-5 Satellite, sent up with 13 other satellites on November 6, 2020 is testing terahertz (THz) communications, a “world first” test of 6G technology in space. Applications of 6G can be used in smart city construction and disaster prevention work.

2020年11月6日，天眼5号卫星与其他13颗卫星一起发射升空，正在测试太赫兹通信，这是6G技术在太空中的“世界首次”测试。6G的应用可用于智慧城市建设和防灾工作。

6G technology is scheduled for implementation in 2030–35 but it’s already the “beginning-of-reality” now being tested. Definitely, space programs are more vital than people are made aware of.

6G技术计划在2030-35年实施，但现在它已经是“现实的开端”，正在接受测试。毫无疑问，太空计划比人们所意识到的更重要。