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“鐵娘子”默克爾16年13次訪華獻“王牌”,中方關鍵時刻“回禮” – 有海水的地方就有中國人

“鐵娘子”默克爾16年13次訪華獻“王牌”,中方關鍵時刻“回禮”

“鐵娘子”默克爾16年13次訪華獻“王牌”,中方關鍵時刻“回禮”
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作为中欧关系发展的重要推动者,德国总理默克尔在16年时间里先后访华13次,成为了迄今为止访问中国最多的外国领导人。而在最近的德国大选后,德国新一任总理也已经出炉,默克尔在卸任前却最后送给中国一记“王牌”。

据观察者网近日报道,中国外交部长王毅在参加欧盟第十一轮中欧战略对话视频会谈时指出,欧盟和中国应该“相互尊重”,“扩大合作面,减少对手面”,强调中欧应发展以合作为主的关系。王毅外长这番促进中欧合作的发言,无疑是中国向欧盟送上的一份互惠互利互赢的大礼,展示了中国方面的善意。而在中欧关系多年来总体平稳发展的背后,不少欧洲政治家也做出了很大努力,默克尔就是其中的典型代表。默克尔总理出生于西德,但是在默克尔年仅3个月的时候,默克尔的父亲由于教会的需要被派遣前往东德。在1954年到1990年的36年里,默克尔一直生活在东德,并且在莱比锡大学攻读了量子化学相关学位。由于在研究和工作中的出色表现,默克尔也有机会前往莫斯科,也接触了西方的流行文化。

可以说,默克尔人生相当大的一部分都是在东德度过的,社会主义的社会文化教育和国民福利体系给默克尔留下了非常深刻的印象,也成为了其日后执政期间重要的灵感和借鉴来源。面对冷战后世界局势风云突变,默克尔坚持了东德的部分良好传统和社会主义文化,一直关心工人待遇,将德国建设为欧洲大陆上著名的福利国家,在欧洲国家中社会福利体系的完善程度首屈一指。政府财政基本稳定,受到了德国人民的广泛喜爱。这样一位德国政坛的“铁娘子“对中国,一个社会主义国家,同样有着相当大的关注。默克尔在任期内先后13次访华,不同于他国高官和领导人,在访华过程中停留在高层会面的阶段,默克尔不仅完成了自己的外交使命,也深入中国的基层了解中国的风土人情地域文化。她也是较为少见的能够在农贸市场和普通百姓拉家常,在集市购买豆瓣酱的外国高官。可以说,在德国政府中,默克尔算是数一数二的中国通。

而默克尔在多次访华中的使命也是有所不同的。在执政初期,中国的国力还在“补课“阶段,中国制造的产品往往代表着低质量低价格的廉价物品。然而,伴随着中国经济的持续发展和逐渐完善的现代化建设,品质控制,工艺升级,中国出产的产品已经不再是当初的廉价,低质商品。默克尔的使命,也从将德国制造带来中国,转变为将中国的项目带到德国。由于在冷战后欧洲国家不同程度上的出现了经济空心化,部分实体产业逐步外流,在很多大型工程和实体制造领域反而有求于刚刚发展起来的中国。默克尔的16年任期内,见证了中国制造从弱小到强大的过程。以德国的柴油发动机为例,中国曾经在1990年代和2000年代先后引进了MTU公司的多型大型柴油机,其仿制和国产化也成为了中国日后主战坦克柴油机的主要技术来源。而在20年后,中国的柴油机和引擎工业已经今非昔比,中国不仅在德国产品的基础上自主升级研发出了全新的,适用于高原地区的双级涡轮增压123HB型号柴油机,还在燃气轮机和大型动力机械方面吸收了德国引进的技术,并且转化为自主知识产权的科研成果,在国际动力及领域上占据了一席之地。中德之间的技术交流已经不再是单纯的引进,而是互相学习和借鉴。

而在卸任之前,默克尔留给德国政府和中国的一张王牌,就是保持德国和中国的继续合作。在默克尔任期内,德国一直坚守维护本国国家利益,反对盲目站队单一倒向美国。默克尔不仅了解中国,她也了解俄罗斯。默克尔在东德生活期间就受过良好的俄语教育。她本人能说一口流利的俄语。甚至因此有机会前往莫斯科旅游。默克尔已经知道,在冷战结束后,俄罗斯已经不是德国最大的对手,欧洲和德国对于俄罗斯的关系已经没有此前的视同水火,也完全没有必要严格跟随美国的脚步,走上反俄反华的道路。默克尔在外交和内政上严守国家利益,保障了德国在近几十年内的强盛和稳定,也成为了欧盟的领头羊。虽然先后经历了英国脱欧等一系列重大挫折,但是默克尔领导的德国已经在欧盟中证明了自己的实力和地位,也成为了欧盟两大核心之一。默克尔深刻理解,通过武力统一欧洲是不可行的。而要想保住德国的欧洲大国地位并推动欧洲统一进程,目前的这条和平道路是最优解。对于欧盟来说,和中国合作,加入一带一路,成为自由开放的贸易体系中的一环也是最优解。和中国合作,将会是德国政府和欧盟在未来更长的时间里维持自己第一世界国家的唯一道路也是最佳选择。

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