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為了不讓中國研發出芯片,美國又開始使陰招了,幸虧中國早有準備 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

為了不讓中國研發出芯片,美國又開始使陰招了,幸虧中國早有準備

為了不讓中國研發出芯片,美國又開始使陰招了,幸虧中國早有準備
2,487

智能手机以及电脑高度普及,这也意味着需要大量的芯片,才能满足国内的产能。提到芯片,就不得不提起光刻机,如果没有这种机器,我们很难照常生产芯片。这让美国看到了契机,从这里下手,通过限制光刻机的出口,不让中国实现芯片的研发。但是中国早在美国想出制裁之前,就已经有了准备。这种准备是多方面的,不仅要从设备上解决问题,也要从根源上解决问题。

被拦截的荷兰光刻机

提到荷兰这个国家,就得提起他们国家的阿斯麦公司,这家企业负责生产光刻机,生产的光刻机出口给多个国家。美国从这里下手,又一次拿国家安全当借口,不允许荷兰政府对光刻机放心,让光刻机来到中国。表面上是为了国家安全,其真实目的大家一清二楚,就是为了遏制中国芯片的生产。美国当前只对中国做出了限制,其他几个知名企业都在使用这个机器,这些企业包括英特尔、台积电以及三星电子等。这样的做法虽然会对中国带来伤害,但是也对中国进行了反向促进,让我们更加坚定决心,自行完成光刻机的研发。

美国的拦截,让两国的关系更紧张

这部起关键性作用的机器售价很高,每一台价值1.5亿美元。之前受美国的制裁,让中国意识到一个问题,那就是一定要实现芯片的自主研发,不能依赖进口,否则极容易出现问题。为了达到这个目的,中国也向荷兰发出请求,希望买这样一台机器。但是这个时候美国又出现了,导致中国的出口许可被扣押。

根据美国媒体报道,知情人士就此事件发表了看法。他表示,自从拜登上台之后,拜登政府当中的安全顾问的首要任务就变成了这件事。就是联合西方国家对中国进行限制,但是这种限制也会带来负面作用。要知道,当前的半导体紧张已经蔓延到整个世界,美国也不能置身事外。美国的多个车企因为缺乏芯片,汽车的产能也开始下降。这样的做法,势必会给已经高度紧张的市场带来干扰。

这种施压其实已经从特朗普政府时期就已经开始,当时的国家安全顾问另有其人,2019年的时候,安全顾问受命拜访荷兰,那时候就对荷兰的官员进行暗示。美国当时也采用了同样的手法,表示如果没有他们生产的零部件,这家公司就没有办法照常运转。假设荷兰向中国出口光刻机,那么美国也相应会做出应对。换句话说,一旦中国与荷兰达成交易,美国就要变相制裁荷兰了。

阿斯麦公司不赞同美国的做法

他们当前放缓出口也是迫于无奈,但是同样也不赞同美国的做法。虽然这种出口管制是一种有效的工具,但是让这些机器流通出去,才更有可能实现真正的制裁。因为如果其他国家对机器高度依赖,势必会减少自己的创新能力,如果丧失了创新能力,研发速度自然也会放慢。在短期内来看,这种制裁是管用的。但是被制裁的国家一旦找到了突破口,那么就是其他国家要面临巨大的损失。在中美的关系变紧张之后,荷兰因为被动出现在这里,也与中国的关系变得紧张。中国也频繁质问荷兰官员,为什么不对许可进行放行?

好在中国早有准备

中国为了实现较高的产能,一直在从两个方面下手。一方面引入国外的机器,一方面进行自主研发。去年6月份,方正证券的一份研报当中提到,我国当前的零二专项光刻机已经到达项目二期,设定在去年年底完成验收。这个项目对标的标准就是阿斯麦最强的光刻机,如果我们研发彻底成功,完全可以满足自给自足。阿斯麦的光刻机已经达到了两纳米,然而中国拿出了更加显眼的成就。

中国在创新大会当中展现了一块儿晶圆,它们的性能以及尺寸都超过了同类产品。这个物体可是生产芯片的前提,这也意味着我国在芯片方面取得了巨大的突破。要知道,碳基的芯片可比硅基的芯片稳定许多,更重要的是,探机的芯片不至于高度依赖光刻机。从这一点上,中国又来了一个弯道超车。

除此之外,为了减少对芯片的依赖,中国也提出了“中国芯”工程,目前该工程的进展十分顺利。接下来,如果该工厂可以正式投入使用,我国的芯片也不需要高度你来海外的工艺。就当前的方式来看,中国从多个方面入手。光刻机我们要自主研发,芯片我们也要寻求突破。如果光刻机有失误,那么芯片就要弥补这种失误。如果光刻机能完成研发,芯片就要与光刻机相辅相成。总之,再大的制裁,也没有办法打败做出多种准备的中国人。

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