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一夜之間變了天,兩項總統宣戰權被廢除,美國國會這次要來真的 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

一夜之間變了天,兩項總統宣戰權被廢除,美國國會這次要來真的

一夜之間變了天,兩項總統宣戰權被廢除,美國國會這次要來真的
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早在几个月前,美国国会就一直宣称,要在接下来的时间内逐步废除美国总统的“宣战权”,将这部分权力重新收归国会。但是经过几个月的“平静”,美国国会也没有特别大的作为,让人不得不怀疑,民主党掌控的国会两院,是不是就是为了“耍嘴皮子”?

一夜之间变了天,两项总统宣战权被废除,美国国会这次要来真的

但是美国国会在几日前,废除了一项法案后,又在近日一次废除了两项总统宣战权的法案,这就是在告诉所有质疑的人,美国国会对于废除“总统宣战权”是认真的!对此,有媒体猜测,这也和拜登两次在中东地区发起空袭有关。

29日,美媒报道称,美国国会在当日,再次表决废除总统宣战权法案的会议。表决结果显示,美国议员以366:46的投票结果,通过了废除法案的决定。至此,美国在中东战争和海湾战争期间,通过的两项“总统宣战权”法案被废除。

一夜之间变了天,两项总统宣战权被废除,美国国会这次要来真的

按照美国的宪法,宣战权本是美国国会的权力,美国总统只不过有着战时指挥权。但是在刚刚废除的两项法案中,当时的美国国会为了能够更好的在中东战争和海湾战争中“有所斩获”,将宣战权赋予了美国总统。当时是美国最强的时期,颐指气使、目中无人、指谁打谁!

而在这两项法案被废除之前,美国国会已经废除“伊拉克战争法案”,这项法案中,美国总统可以在伊拉克战争中,采取所有的军事行动。

当时的美国议会中的议员称,“这只是第一步而已,我们会不断推进收回开火权的进程,直到美国总统不再拥有肆意开火的权力。”

一夜之间变了天,两项总统宣战权被废除,美国国会这次要来真的

对于15天内,3项战争法案被废除,有部分人士认为,这和拜登两次下令,让美军在中东地区发动空袭有关。此情此景让美国国会中“厌战”的议员明白:无论美国总统是共和党人士,还是民主党人士,他们都会发动战争,要想让美国脱离战争的泥潭,就需要将美国总统的“开火权”收回。

但是也有不少人和专家认为,美国国会从法律层面上限制美国总统的“宣战权”,效果注定不会太好,这在美国的历史中也能看的出来。报道称,“谁决定开火”这件事在美国争执已久,无论是美国国会,还是总统都认为自己才是决定开火的最佳人员。

一夜之间变了天,两项总统宣战权被废除,美国国会这次要来真的

在争执中,往往是总统更有利,从美国对外发动战争的历史可以看到,得到国会授权的军事行动非常少,都是美国总统直接发动的战争,而在先斩后奏之后,总统不过就是在国会上言语上的批评,并没有实际上追责,这也让后来的美国总统有样学样,让国会的宣战权形同虚设。

美国总统除去依靠这些法案发动战争之外,还能依靠反恐的名义对外发动战争,避开美国法律的约束。在美国遭受恐怖袭击后,美国国会两院直接授权总统可以自主决定对“恐怖主义”宣战,这就造成了美国总统,时常打着“反恐”的名义,在许多地方发动战争。

一夜之间变了天,两项总统宣战权被废除,美国国会这次要来真的

除去“反恐”借口外,美国总统还有以“分秒必争”的战争急迫性为借口,在做出军事决定的时候,也不会让所有的议员再去表决。其借口是一些战争关乎美国的利益,为了达成这些利益战争的“保密性”。美国总统也会不断找理由躲避美国国会的追责,和法律的指控。

最后,也是美国总统行驶“宣战权”的重要依据,就是福特时期签署的“紧急状态法”。在美国遇到危机的时候,总统可以宣布全国进入“紧急状态”,从而使权力被高度集中,美国国会的干扰将被降到最低,美国总统将享有超130种紧急权力,包括随时出兵海外战场。

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